在众多国外大学的申请者中,彼此的条件都是差不多的,所以为了从众人之中夺得一席之位,还得靠大家自己争取。而Supplemental essay就是这种机会,同学们可以在Supplemental essay中告诉招生官一些他们不知道的事情,以此来说服他们。当然,Supplemental essay的写作类型是不同的,下面就给大家讲解一下。
Supplemental essay写作类型1. Why“This” College? Essays 不管是简单的“Why XX University”还是询问学生会如何为校园做贡献,学校都希望看到经过仔细调研,充满细节的文章。这篇文书是我们告诉招生官,这个学校是我首选的机会。 在Supplemental essay里简单地说“我想去某个学校因为她很棒”或者“某学校是我的最爱”是不够的。在评估这些文章时,学校希望看到学生真的做了功课去了解学校,并且认真思考了自己是否能融入校园文化。 在回答这类问题时,建议同学们一定用具体的事例。我们可以列举感兴趣的课程,展开描述契合我们目标的校园活动,并讨论校园文化的哪方面让它成为我们的最佳选择。这篇文章一定要尽可能具体,但要注意,写的东西要和我们的兴趣和爱好有关。想要随便列一些课程来让招生官惊艳是不可能的。记住:要有理有据。我们要用事实例证为什么某个学校是我们想要的。 Supplemental essay写作类型2. Why “Major”? Essays 有些学校想知道学生的学术兴趣是什么,和他们为什么想在这个学校学习这个专业。就像“Why this College”这类问题的回答一样,这个题目的答案也要有关于学校项目和学生兴趣的具体信息。这些具体信息可以包括出国交换的机会,教授的研究项目,课程要求,学院新闻,最新研究等等。但要记住,所有的信息最后都必须回归我们自身,和我们的目标:职业目标,深造计划,学习目标等等相关。我们也可以结合自身相关经历阐述为什么想学一个专业。 分享为什么想要学习一个专业可能很难,因为其背后原因大同小异。这没关系。大家可以阐述这个学校的特别之处,以及喜欢在这个学校学习这个专业的原因。文书的第一步,是头脑风暴自己会如何充分利用学校的项目和课程。 Supplemental essay写作类型3.“Quirky” Essay Prompts 这是一道越来越流行的Supplemental essay题目:特立独行的文书。从有关“YOLO”和蜘蛛的问题,到询问学生会如何设计课程,许多学校会询问学生一些奇怪的问题。对很多学生来说,这些文书题目让人望而生畏,常常有同学在写一篇有创意的文书和写一篇干巴巴的文书中挣扎。 面对这类奇怪的问题时,我们要牢记Supplemental essay写作首要原则:展现被隐藏的特质。这些文书关注学生和他们的思考,而不是他们对学校想听什么信息的推测。大家一定要牢记自己的兴趣!同样需要牢记的是学校在寻找适合自己的学生。这时候,可以回头去看学校的使命,了解背后的原因和过去什么样的学生被录取。 Supplemental essay写作类型4.“Short” Supplement Questions 有些Supplemental essay只要求写一些单词或一句话。对这些问题,建议大家进行深入挖掘和思考,但记住我们的答案不需要和问题看起来一样特别,所有的回答都只需反应我们的性格和热情。 以上就是关于Supplemental essay写作类型的讲解,一篇出色的Supplemental essay可以为学生的申请材料增添色彩,并且增大被录取的几率,所以大家一定要努力写好这份文书。 51due留学教育引领海外留学的风向标,打造最好的教育品牌,提供专业的代写服务,我们为自己的品牌代言,不负留学生的期待。提供全方位的服务,包括assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。 更多关于代写的内容,点开主页栏目,即可快速获取代写相关资讯,如果各位有美国作业代写需求,可以咨询24小时客服QQ:800020041,为您详细解答。
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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The influence of multimedia skills,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了多媒体技术的影响。多媒体技术的诞生,让平面设计形成了静态图像,打破了其不能够传达更多内容的单一性,不能够更加丰富视觉形式的单调性。让静态变成了动态化的表意和传递媒介,在视觉美感上也将平面设计作为一个基础并且发展延伸,动态的包装使之更容易达到其艺术效果。
The connotation of modern design is to integrate the thoughts of the author with the needs of The Times, so that the work reflects the functionality, aesthetics and cognition, so as to realize its value. With the help of multimedia technology, the realization of this value will have impact. Multimedia makes graphic design more vivid and its meaning more acceptable to the public. Therefore, multimedia technology is the best auxiliary tool for the design connotation. When we talk about visual media today, it is easy to think of colorful and dynamic video or multimedia films and television works. At this time, we found that it was no longer possible to use a simple word or two to describe the visual carrier we saw. At this time, because the visual carrier has been integrated into our lives bit by bit, it provides us with almost all the information in life. The great enrichment of this visual carrier is mainly promoted by the development of computer technology, which leads to the unprecedented progress of multimedia technology. Since multimedia makes graphic design "dynamic", the two have been closely combined. People have thought that graphic design can show its connotation dynamically and realize the communication between graphic design and people with the power of science and technology, among which 2d dynamic software of computer can realize people's dynamic demand for graphic design. It can be seen that the so-called graphic visual art and graphic design in the past cover fields including packaging, books, posters, posters and brochures. These traditional visual carriers of plane have become another more dynamic visual carrier driven by multimedia technology. The most important effect of multimedia technology on graphic design is to make graphic design into an operable interface. To be precise, some graphic design becomes a part of visual experience and interactive operation. Its prominent function is the interaction between visual experience and operation. This is the man-machine interaction realized by multimedia technology, but the function of modern design cannot be ignored in such a process, that is, graphic design makes the picture become an acceptable visual image, while multimedia technology makes it become a more vivid and interactive dynamic carrier. To put it simply, the essence of icon or design is the result of graphic design, and multimedia makes it add operable functions and feedback the merits and demerits of design. Take the icon, an icon is equivalent to the plane design of a logo design, it must be able to reflect a certain functional, and to identify a certain concept, the connotation of sex, this is design specific explanation is design must express a certain meaning, and let people to recognize the connotation of its voice resonate, this is the connotation of the design. Originally of graphically creative graphic design, content can be used as a good foundation, and extend to the multimedia production, then the graphic style combined with creativity and the function of the new constraints is produced with functional operation and have visual creative icon, the aesthetic feeling of design is still in it, but it is no longer on paper we become creative graphic symbols. Modern design aesthetic function is through the vivid image, beautiful artistic conception, the expression of rich connotation and health in a specific meaning to the viewer or reader, or read to admire can obtain aesthetic pleasure or cognitive information, and the function of aesthetic pleasure people body and mind is the function of modern design to the connotation of the performance in the first place. The functional sex of the modern design is the appearance of a product and/or structure is also the designer needs to consider the design of the level, because in the United States no actual functional creativity, is of no significance, visible graphic design connotation of its design should also have such aesthetic and functional, aesthetic and functional, but sometimes in adornment such as graphic design is functional and aesthetic fuses in together, namely, aesthetic effect to achieve is to realize its function. Sometimes, it will also become two levels. For example, in the icon mentioned above, it is necessary to reflect the two connotations of function and aesthetics, that is, it can achieve the purpose of pleasing the public and also achieve certain functions. So the connotation of modern design is the unity of function and aesthetics. All designs have a specific cognitive function, that is, expressiveness. This kind of ideation is to reflect the designer's intention through the design work, so that the public can understand the meaning and function of his design from the middle. All designs are endowed with different contents and meanings, and every designer would like to use various forms of expression to make its connotation easily recognized by the public. It can be seen that one of the prominent aspects of the connotation of modern design is the connotation of recognizability and desire to be recognized. In the design work, its main elements are color, line, form, etc., among which color as an important factor of design, namely the main elements of graphic design. Color is not only the important role that adorns life, it also is a knowledge. Want to use color flexibly in design work, clever, make the work achieves all sorts of wonderful effect, can more vivid to the expression of the design, form certain contrast. At the same time, contrast can produce a stronger visual effect, or clear, or positive, or strong, so that the individual with a deeper impression. The multimedia mentioned above can not only make graphic design move, but also make the color of the design come to life. With dynamic changes, it can highlight the changes of the color of the work, and of course, it can better reflect the profound meaning of the work and the expected aesthetic and cognitive functions. The meaning of multimedia is to bring the static design to life. At the same time, additional elements such as music and animation can also be attached to it, which is to make the design dynamic. These multimedia elements can better show the original graphic design concept, according to the characteristics of the works of the original graphic design for the dynamic analysis for the plane design on the new carrier, which is a new vitality, this change will be continually updated development and it is also the trend of the integration of multimedia technology and graphic design. Because such updates will be the main form of design in the future digital age. In a word, multimedia makes the static image formed by graphic design break the monotony of its inability to convey more content and enrich the visual form. Static into a dynamic expression and transmission of the media, in the visual aesthetic sense of graphic design as a basis and development and extension, dynamic packaging makes it easier to achieve its artistic effect. 51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创paper代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写服务。 51due为留学生提供最好的paper代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多paper代写范文 提供作业代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 对于中国留学生来说,写作英文论文会有一定的难度。原因是中国留学生的母语并非英语,所以用英语写作会非常不习惯,还会导致很多问题。所以说,我们非常有必要了解英文论文的写作要求,只要大家按照要求去写,就可以避免出现写作上的错误。那么英文论文的写作要求有哪些呢?下面就给大家讲解一下。
1、标题的运用 关于较长的论文的标题页,次序依次是标题、名字、日期,都需求居中,有的还需写上某一门课程的导师的职称、课程的编号等;打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm。若篇幅较短,可将标题页的内容做些排版调整即:打在正文第一页的左上方。其他如上次序,左右皆为2.5cm,打印时隔行打印即可。 2、引证处理技巧 依据引证的多少:一般拟引证的文字与论文无关的要删掉,剩余的若引文缺乏三行,能够将引文有机地融入论文中;不然就要分隔,可是引文不需加引号,结尾的句号应标在最终一个词后。 插注:一般不选用脚注和标示,因为关于多篇文章的排版这种办法简单出问题,一般选用的是在引文中直接插注,可是要直接接在被注释的词后边,并且要运用方括号。 出处:若引文出自同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的著作,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明著作名。若是一部多卷书,要注明卷号。引证日报上的英文论文有必要一起注明报纸出版的年、月、日。 3、学会处理参考文献 在文末的参考文献中,姓前名后,并且用逗号离隔,两个作家合著的则用and连接;三个或三个以上的,前面的用逗号隔,最终一个用and连。假如文献是图书,书名用斜体;文献是期刊或期刊中的文章,文章名用正常字体,期刊或报刊名用斜体;假如文献是网页,则尽量包含作者、年份、标题、网址和检索时刻。 以上就是关于英文论文的写作要求讲解,相比于国内大学的写作,国外大学的要求严格很多,所以同学们在写作的时候千万不能马虎。 想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯,我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 本篇paper代写- Space rhythm and sound and picture rhythm in animation films讨论了动画电影中的空间节奏和声画节奏。空间节奏和声画视听节奏在动画影视作品中不是孤立存在的,它们之间存在着同步与对位的关系,是统一体。动画影视作品能抓住观众的不光是画面中精彩的情节、镜头的运用和场景色彩的变化,很关键的一环在于空间与声画的配合。从视听感受的角度而言,影视是视听艺术的统一体,影片通过画面和声音直接诉诸于观众的视听感官,给人以艺术享受。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。
From the perspective of audio-visual experience, film and television are the unity of audio-visual art. The film directly appeals to the audio-visual senses of the audience through pictures and sounds, giving people artistic enjoyment. Spatial rhythm and audio-visual rhythm of sound painting are not isolated in the animation film and television works, and there is a relationship between synchronization and rump, which is a unity. The spatial rhythm of the picture must be closely coordinated with the rhythm of sound and painting, so as to maximize the subjective intention of the film and increase its artistic appeal. The purpose of the film is to create harmonious and perfect audio-visual effects and increase the artistic appeal. Animation film and television works can catch the audience is not only the wonderful plot in the picture, created suspense, the use of the lens, scene color changes, a key link lies in the space and sound painting cooperation. This paper takes the combination of spatial rhythm of animation film and television and the rhythm of sound and painting as an example. Based on the characteristics of animation film, this paper analyzes the combination of spatial rhythm of animation film and the expression form of rhythm of sound and painting according to the characteristics of animation film. Rhythm, as an organic movement, is one of the most basic and active elements in various arts. Rhythm of the grasp of art works to ensure the vitality of life, the creation of perfect art forms, stimulate the appreciation of aesthetic enthusiasm, ensure that the transfer of art information is appropriate for sensory and psychological acceptance, the realization of art works creators and appreciation of the smooth exchange of ideas and feelings. In a good film, the sense of rhythm is very important. If the sense of rhythm of a film is not strong, the audience will feel that there is not much tension and the atmosphere will be very dull. In animated films, rhythm is more important. As an artistic form of expression, the tension of animation determines the style of the film. Therefore, the rhythm theory in animation films has become the basis for the grasp of space rhythm and sound and picture rhythm, and the development of animation films will be to find new breakthroughs on the basis of the application of these two rhythms. The height of the animation film assumption, so it can on the concept of space, beyond the reality of animation, film and television art space in the rhythm of the physical space and general film in the limitations of space, the space arrangement, configuration, and use as well as to the art processing such as the change of the footage has great freedom, for the structure of the animation style and artistic performance has provided a broad heaven and earth. This determines that the precondition is to control the spatial rhythm of the film, which requires the film to have a clear understanding of the overall characteristics and requirements of narration, and have a deep understanding of the physiological and psychological mechanism of the audience, so as to truly understand the role of spatial rhythm in the film. For example, in the Chinese ink and wash animation film "landscape", there is no dialogue, in the black and white blend of space flow, let you feel that melodious piano sounds seem to be contained in the painting. It is as if we can hear or feel the wind, water and heavy mountains in nature. The natural sound of nature and the sound of the piano echo each other, giving you an ethereal feeling. All these leave you infinite imagination space, in the wordless expression of everything, implicit and free and easy, really achieve the feeling, scene, sound integration of the implication of the space, the profound meaning of the space consciousness to show incisively and vividly. In the period of silent films, sound plays the role of rhythm in the projection and completion of films in the form of music. When a film evolves from silent film to sound film and becomes a complete audio-visual art, sound plays an important role, and it also plays an important role in speed and rhythm. Music and sound play an important role in rhythm, coordinating and regulating. The magnificent, beautiful, sad and various ethnic features of music are the best lubricant for the film to enter people's hearts. The ease and tension are undoubtedly revealed in the speed and rhythm of music. With the progress of film and television equipment and the improvement of the modernization of editing technology, music is more convenient to cooperate with pictures. Whether the traditional music is used to match the picture or music is used to paste the picture, the purpose is to complete the perfect cooperation between the picture and the sound, so as to achieve the audio-visual effect that the sound and the picture complement each other. In animation, due to the fact that it is not filmed in real time, there is no artificial error in the sense of rhythm of actors during performance, thus avoiding the waste of multiple filming. The highest principle of all art is to express beauty, so the purpose of creating rhythm should also be to express beauty. Only on the basis of truly understanding beauty, can we better use rhythm to create high-grade film and television works. In the film, not only the images within the picture are in motion, but also the movement between the pictures is constantly changing to generate rhythm. Together with other narrative elements of the film, the audience can achieve the understanding of the theme of the film and gain artistic enjoyment in this understanding. Film is an art combining time and space. The breakthrough of time and space has become a powerful weapon for narrative expression in animated films. For example, human beings are always full of expectations for flying in the sky. The pressure of work and life is overwhelming human beings. Each of us fantasizes about being able to breathe freely and feel what it is like for our bodies to glide lightly across lakes, meadows and houses and clouds to float lightly across our cheeks. Both of the flights in miyazaki's animated film city in the sky are from a bird 's-eye view, highlighting the strong visual effects of a fall. From the perspective of rhythm, the falling speed and overall atmosphere of the flying stone are alleviated when the flying stone exerts its magic power. The darkness of the night sky and the darkness of falling into the mine enhance the contrast with the light of the flying stone, which makes the audience feel the magic power of the flying stone. Miyazaki jun animation with a strong Oriental implicit beauty, meaning profound, intriguing. The movie "city in the sky" is an effective use of space rhythm and form expression, in the space to create different feelings, also shape different characters character, different rhythm changes, different psychological feelings. Bring the audience spiritual satisfaction. The arrangement, configuration and application of changing and moving space, picture and music are the special skills and means of film thinking. Space rhythm and sound and picture rhythm are a kind of formal factors in film art. The attention and grasp of them must be aimed at serving the theme of the film, and the significance of serving the theme of the film is that they play an irreplaceable role in narration. In a word, the created spatial rhythm and sound and picture rhythm must be subject to the internal content of the plot. This requires the director to delve into the nature of the play to be presented. Only with a deep understanding of the original meaning of the play can it be expressed in an appropriate rhythm. Only in this way can a successful film be made. As one of the spiritual civilization construction of the film and television animation, a long way to go, we should base on the reality of the animation industry, adhere to the pursuit of high quality, adhere to the market and the way of education balanced, serious research including spatial rhythm and sound rhythm and other modern forms of combination and its film and TV technology in animation film analysis, widely into the Chinese market and international market, the animation is a row over the landscape of extraordinary splendour. 要想成绩好,英国论文得写好,51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯,专业辅导,还为你提供专业英国essay代写,paper代写,report代写,需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ:800020041或者Wechat:Abby0900吧。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The repeal of the corn laws,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了谷物法的废除。英国谷物法的对象包括小麦、蚕豆等在内的一般粮食。工业革命时期,英国变为粮食输入国,谷物管制变为限制进口。拿破仑战争之后英国便颁布了限制进口的谷物法,但该法案引起极大争议,除土地所有者支持外,工业资产阶级和工人强烈反对。政府多次下调关税仍不能使民众满意,最终谷物法被废除。该法的废除体现了国际政治经济学的社会联盟理论,即国际经济政策和国内政治分化的相互作用原理。
The British grain law covers general crops, including wheat and broad beans. Britain has a long history of grain trade regulation. Although Britain had abundant grain before the 18th century, its grain trade policy was to encourage exports and restrict imports due to the prevalence of mercantilism. With the development of the industrial revolution in Britain, steam engine increased productivity. The population of Britain increased sharply but the arable land was limited. The acceleration of urbanization leads to the flow of labor force to cities. Britain became an importer of grain, and grain control became a restriction on imports. After the Napoleonic wars, England enacted grain laws restricting imports. The corn act banned imports of grain when the price of a quart in Britain was below eighty shillings. The amendment of the corn act of 1822 to allow imports of grain at a price between 70 and 80 shillings per quart, when the average domestic price was only 44 shillings, was of no practical significance. This bill caused great controversy. Apart from the support of landowners, the industrial bourgeoisie and workers strongly opposed it. In 1846, both houses of parliament passed prime minister peel's proposal to repeal the corn law. The corn laws were officially repealed. The repeal of the law reflects the social union theory of international political economy, that is, the interaction principle between international economic policy and domestic political differentiation. Among them, the abundance and mobility of domestic factors determine the form of domestic political differentiation and struggle. According to the "inverted second image", international economic links affect domestic structures, and international trade has an income distribution effect on domestic interest groups. According to the theory of factor endowment: from the most basic factor of a country, the owners of abundant factors will benefit from free trade, while the owners of scarce factors will suffer. And vice versa. According to the specific factor model, free trade will reduce the real income of the import competition sector, and the real income level of the export-oriented sector will be relatively increased. The former believes that this distribution effect is reflected in the formation of domestic class alliances based on mobile factors while the latter believes that industry alliances based on specific factors will be formed. Hicks put forward the concept of factor mobility, combined the two theoretical models, and improved the theory of social union. He argues that the effectiveness of both models depends on the mobility of domestic factors. "A high degree of factor flow is more likely to form class-based political alliances, while a low degree of factor flow is more likely to form industry-based alliances." The response of domestic structure to the international economy depends on the abundance and mobility of domestic factors. Since the industrial revolution, grain has been cheap and milk expensive, much arable land has been turned into pasture land, and machinery has driven industrial development and population growth. Britain became the strongest economic power at that time, with abundant capital, abundant labor force and scarce land. It follows that British Labour and capital owners will support free trade while landowners oppose it. In addition, we will discuss the mobility of domestic factors at that time, which is mainly measured by inter-industry wage and profit margin differences, years of work, enterprise r&d income and human resource turnover. In short, in the 19th century, wage and profit margin differences between different industries in the UK were reduced and human resource mobility was improved. At this time, the British industrial revolution was basically completed, and new technologies such as steam were easily applied in different industries, saving labor. The advent of production lines has increased the demand for unskilled Labour, making it easier for industrial workers to move between industries. Technological innovation has reduced the productivity gap in the labor force, thus reducing the wage gap, and technological popularization has reduced the profit gap between domestic industries. The smaller the wage and profit difference between industries, the lower the cost of inter-industry factor transfer and the higher the liquidity. In addition, urbanization accelerated in Britain. By 1830, the population of urban and rural areas was roughly equal, and people were no longer fixed by arable land. The emergence of steam engine makes the transportation system get a qualitative development and reduces the cost of factor flow. Between 1815 and 1846, the variation coefficient between the weekly wage of manual workers and that of skilled workers was not high, indicating that the wage difference between workers was not large and the degree of human resource flow was high. To sum up, land is scarce in Britain, labor and capital are abundant, and various factors flow to a high degree. According to the cited theory, it is concluded that social differentiation in Britain should be based on class alliance based on labor and capital to fight for free trade, and landowners support the grain law. The domestic struggle to repeal the corn laws in Britain in the 19th century roughly coincided with this reasoning. After the corn laws were enacted, landowners strongly defended them, while manufacturers demanded reforms because the corn laws seriously damaged the interests of the industrial bourgeoisie. Britain was the leading exporter of industrial goods, while other countries exported agricultural products. If Britain does not repeal the corn laws, then other countries will inevitably impose high tariffs on British industrial products, and the sales of British industrial products will be blocked. If grain were freely traded, prices would fall and workers would have more purchasing power to buy industrial goods. In addition, the repeal of the law can also reduce the cost of raw materials for industrial production. However, abolishing the grain law would hit British agriculture, because the influx of foreign grain would lead to a sharp drop in food prices and lower land rent, which would lead to the decline of British agriculture. This will seriously damage the interests of the land aristocracy and farmers. Some manufacturers in 1838 established the alliance of the corn laws, Richard cobb is one of the representative. The class alliance was supported by the Labour force. The union of the two classes constituted the main body for abolishing the corn laws. Its capital comes from industrial and commercial bourgeoisie. The anti-corn law union became the most important group to repeal the act. Its main activities included: In 1832, the landlord demanded that "everyone who owned property worth 40 shillings" should have the right to vote to strengthen his class. But the coalition helped townspeople buy property and vote, increased the number of working people, turned the middle class into an important political force and changed the structure of parliament, leading to the emergence of new political parties -- conservatives and liberals -- that were important reasons for the repeal of the corn laws. In 1837, the union sent its own representatives to campaign for parliament and put the repeal of the corn laws into public debate. Between 1843 and 1844, the union was heavily involved in municipal elections and in campaigns to educate voters about free trade. In addition, through the election, members of the coalition entered parliament and were able to directly promote the anti-corn law to the house. These lawmakers held hearings on the repeal of the corn law, causing concern in parliament and public opinion. A series of conferences were organized in covent garden. The economist was founded to explain the harm of corn laws to the middle class, working class and enlightened aristocracy, which led to more people's opposition to corn laws. Cobb even claimed under the religious banner that "the corn laws are against the will of god." All in all, the anti-grain law activities of the alliance took a "bottom-up" route: first, they affected the masses, then they entered the election, and finally they worked together to influence the rulers on the stage of parliament, which was of the nature of a quasi-political party. In the process of abolishing the law, great changes took place in the British political parties. Around 1833, the Tory party and the whig party were renamed the conservative party and the liberal party. From the perspective of the historical development of Britain, the changes of political parties conform to the trend. Around 1830, the industrial revolution was basically completed, and the social class structure of Britain changed, forming two classes -- industrial bourgeoisie and proletariat, which inevitably led to changes in the British parliament. At this time, the tories not only represented the land aristocracy, but also began to absorb the conservative forces of the financial aristocracy and big businessmen. The land aristocracy was also divided. Some of the land aristocracy began to operate mines and build roads, which were gradually separated from the single agricultural operation. Therefore, the reformed conservative party developed from a simple landowner to a party with land aristocracy as the core and other classes. The liberals still represent the interests of the financial and business classes, and are centered on free trade factory owners. What led directly to the rebranding of the two major parties was parliamentary reform, which increased the political influence of the middle class and the working class. To win them over, the tories changed and began to embody the interests of some businessmen and workers. Therefore, although the conservative party still took the land aristocracy as the core, some representatives of the industrial and commercial classes emerged. This made the conservative party in the process of abolishing the law appeared a serious split, reached the peak after peel came to power. But this division is exactly the result of class struggle, which perfectly reflects the prosperity of the British class alliance and the struggle between the land aristocracy and workers and capitalists. After the reform, more middle class and coalition members entered parliament, and the fight for free trade emerged in parliament. The liberals support the anti-corn bill coalition, and the conservatives, still dominated by the land aristocracy, are generally opposed to the free-trade bill. Between 1815 and 1846, when the repeal of the corn laws was highly partisan, the vote showed a high average party cohesion index: 78.6 in 1834 and 84.1 in 1842, compared with 67.9 and 58.4 for other votes in parliament during the same period. Free traders urged parliament to investigate import tariffs in 1840. The liberals want a flat rate to replace the regulatory tax. But the conservatives argued that the country's sugar must be protected against sugar producing countries that used slaves. This gave the conservative position a moral advantage, defeating the liberal government's proposals and winning the 1841 election that formed peel's cabinet. That was the struggle between the two parties when peel came to power. But peel himself had invested in the cotton industry, and was described by the anti-grain law union as "bleeding merchant blood". Maintaining the corn laws also hurt his private interests. Peel first amended the grain act in 1942, lowering import taxes on grains and thereby lowering prices. In 1844, import duties on goods continued to be cut. In 1845, the suspension of import duties on grain was proposed, but was not approved by parliament. This was when the leader of the liberal party issued his famous "Edinburgh letter" calling for the immediate repeal of the corn laws. This prompted peel to formally introduce a bill to repeal the corn laws to the house of Commons. 1946 a parliamentary debate began over whether to repeal the corn laws. Peel gave five long speeches in the heat of the debate. In June 1846 bills were finally passed in both houses of parliament. Peel's firm stand on free trade has split the conservative party. There are pro-peel industrialists and anti-reform landowners. They were divided over whether to repeal the corn laws, which accused peel of being a traitor to the conservatives, even as a majority of peel's supporters were ostracised and gradually defected to the liberals. Peel himself resigned as prime minister. Nearly a third of conservatives voted in favor of the bill, leaving the party's cohesion at 45.1. The liberal party, on the other hand, is highly consistent, with a cohesion of 96.4. Peel's personal interest is not enough to justify his repeal. He also knew that his insistence on free trade would inevitably lead to a split in the party, and he would be accused of being a "traitor within the party". Social union theory alone does not adequately explain the repeal of the corn laws. This theory has its own defects: it pays too much attention to social differentiation and ignores the autonomy of the state in dealing with the relationship between the state and society. According to the theory of nationalism of schoccheffer, the state is a set of administrative and military organizations headed by executive authority and harmonized by executive authority. Countries can set and pursue their own goals and achieve their own will. This is a good complement to peel's behavior. As the head of a country, peel is more likely to act on behalf of the overall national interest rather than on behalf of partisanship. In a speech to parliament, he said: "unless the corn law is consistent not only with agricultural prosperity and the interests of landowners, but also with the interests of the nation as a whole, it is virtually over." Abolishing the grain law was an objective requirement for the economic development of the UK at that time. At that time, the UK was rich in coal and iron resources, abundant capital and advanced science and technology, and the productive forces had made great progress. It was equipped with the conditions for the transformation from protection trade to free trade. History has shown that only after the transition from protection trade to free trade did the British economy take off and enter the "Victorian" era. Domestic conditions also necessitated the repeal of the corn laws. From 1838 to 1842, due to natural conditions, British agriculture generally failed, resulting in a large-scale famine. The city's economy is in a slump, and a fifth of Birmingham's people live on welfare. The potato blight of 1845 left four million people in poverty. This threatened social stability and was a direct reason for peel's determination to repeal the corn laws. Peel was not subject to the fierce struggle between parties and interest groups at that time, but had a certain degree of autonomy. Through the investigation of the degree of factor flow in Britain in the first half of the 19th century and the abolition of the grain law, it is found that this case is roughly consistent with the social union theory, and the nationalist theory also complements the social union theory, which better explains the reason why prime minister peel sticks to free trade. 想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里,51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务,为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有;未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The end of classical English sea power,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了英国古典海权的终结。在女王维多利亚时代,英国确立起以稳健性、威慑性和全球性为主要特点的古典海权。到维多利亚时代晚期,古典海权盛极而衰,英国面临的危机和挑战不断加剧。在英国第一海务大臣约翰·费希尔的领导下,英国皇家海军进行了一系列改革。改革在巩固英国海上优势的同时,也促使维多利亚时代的英国古典海权逐步走向终结。
In the Victorian era, Britain established the classical maritime power characterized by robustness, deterrence and globality. By the end of the Victorian era, the classical sea power was at its peak and declining, and the crisis and challenge faced by Britain were continuously intensified. In the first sea Lord John fisher, under the leadership of the British royal navy conducted a series of reforms. The reform not only strengthened the maritime superiority of Britain, but also brought about the gradual end of the classical British maritime power in the Victorian era. In the Victorian era of the British queen, the British classical maritime power with the main characteristics of robustness, deterrence and globality was finally formed. However, with the change in the balance of world forces and the development of the international situation, the British maritime power was faced with a series of crises and challenges. At the beginning of the 20th century, under the leadership of Admiral Sir JohnFisher, first secretary of the admiralty, the royal navy carried out a comprehensive and systematic reform. The reform strengthened Britain's maritime superiority, but also led to the end of Britain's classical maritime power. The British maritime power gradually retreated from the global system existed in the Victorian era to the largest pole in the multi-polar maritime power pattern in the era of great powers competition. At present, almost all the researches on fisher reform by domestic and foreign scholars focus on technological innovation, while the analysis on the impact of reform on the British maritime power model is relatively weak. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of the far-reaching impact of fisher's reform on the transformation of British maritime power, especially emphasizing that the reform promoted the end of the British classical maritime power. The author believes that both the reform itself and the subjective pursuit and objective effect of the reform show that the British maritime power had been gradually declining before the outbreak of the first world war, and the end of the British classical maritime power was the most prominent manifestation of this decline. As we all know, the victory of the battle of trafalgar in 1805 was the beginning of Britain's establishment of its maritime hegemony. By the middle of the 19th century, Victorian Britain had established the right to rule the world by sea. The author thought that this kind of sea power has robustness, deterrent, and the main characteristics of global, it is obvious difference in the late 19th century and the early 20th century powers competition era, the established under the zero-sum thinking dominated, pursue thoroughly destroy rivals, he'll start a lose-lose war power of the naval power. As a part of the world system led by Britain, this kind of maritime power has a strong classical color. Its basic idea is to deter potential enemies by virtue of Britain's absolute advantage, coordinate wars and conflicts, avoid world politics out of control, and maintain the stability of the international order led by Britain. This kind of sea power is in line with the coordinating spirit of the Vienna system established after the Napoleonic wars, so it can be called the classical British sea power in the Victorian era. The robustness of the British classical maritime power is highlighted in a certain "peace" color, which is complementary to deterrence. After entering the Victorian era, with the establishment of the global free trade system dominated by Britain, the British Isles became increasingly dependent on the international market. In the event of war, international markets are bound to be in turmoil, with Britain the worst hit. Therefore, the most important task of the British classical maritime power is to protect the global free trade system dominated by Britain, specifically, to ensure the smooth and safe maritime communication lines connecting the British mainland and the colonial empire. To accomplish this task, a long-term and lasting peace must be the prerequisite. Because any war, even a successful war, can threaten the security of free trade, the so-called Pax Britannica from the beginning means an open free trade system and a stable international political order. For Britain, not only is war dangerous, but so is preparation for war, which would place a heavy financial burden on the country and force it to expand the power of the state, thereby weakening the vitality of the liberal market economy. Therefore, Britain must take advantage of its maritime power to nip all dangerous factors of war in the bud as far as possible so as to ensure that conflicts around the world are kept within acceptable limits and that they can be finally resolved peacefully within the framework of the international order in which Britain ACTS as an arbitrator. Therefore, even after the establishment of maritime hegemony, Britain still tends to ease the relations between great powers through negotiation and consultation rather than aggravate conflicts by means of war confrontation. We see that even as the great war of 1913-1914 was looming, Britain was engaged in intensive diplomatic consultations with Germany on the contentious issue of naval competition. Britain wanted to avoid a mad war by proposing a ratio of 16:10 naval power and 8:5 battleship fleets, but Germany rejected the idea. In short, Britain's classical maritime power is not about militaristic expansionism or large-scale war. It is about maintaining the international order dominated by Britain and creating a peaceful and stable international environment for open and free trade. Furthermore, Britain was not afraid of war and did not reject intervention, but it insisted on a limited interventionism and did not seek large-scale war. Most of the British colonial wars in the Victorian era, represented by the opium war, were limited interventions. The royal navy does not need or seek to destroy the enemy completely at sea, but to take advantage of the enemy's strategic fortress and force it to sit at the negotiating table. The Crimean war was the first large-scale local war after the establishment of British maritime hegemony. Although it won the war, Britain was not eager to expand the results of the war, but always limited the battlefield to the Crimean peninsula, and signed the treaty of Paris with Russia after achieving the goal of defeating Russia's control of the Turkish strait. This restraint can fully show the British pay attention to the strategic thinking, limited interference and the Crimean war was a vivid interpretation of the sea after hegemony established policy - the UK is not keen on expansion of territory, but want to active defence of vested interests, but the threat comes still willing to take such a radical way of war. The deterrence of the British classical maritime power is embodied in the fact that the royal navy attaches great importance to playing a strategic deterrent role backed by absolute superiority and forcing the enemy to yield and yield. This was fully reflected in the near east crisis of 1878 and the fashoda incident of 1898. By 1897, the royal navy was a much better equipped, more modern, and far more peaceful force in size and quality than the navy of 1815. Its fleet is spread around the globe and ready to meet any challenge that might threaten British interests. The British grand strategy also emphasizes the long-term, cumulative and gradual pressure on any land power threatening British interests to make concessions backed by a powerful fleet. British classical global features of sea power and isolationism tradition is a coin of two sides, it means that the British pay more attention to things outside Europe, dedication to expand worldwide business empires and maintain the leading system of the world, consolidate "pax Americana" Britain, that emphasizes "Britain is not only a European country, but also an empire". Some scholars point out that precisely because the royal navy is global in existence, the UK has established a global maritime mastery that realizes true ocean domination. As opposed to a global, Britain in Europe for a long time to maintain a hands-off attitude, detachment from the European continent, only in continental Europe likely destroy the balance of power to intervene, and this kind of intervention is often confined to "beat about the bush" on the edge of the European region, in order to avoid in core areas of major European conflict. This shows that the global character of the British classical maritime power is closely related to the marginal strategy in Europe. This marginal strategy is mainly manifested in that the British maritime power never extends into the inland rivers and bays of the European continent, but maintains its influence in the important marginal areas of Europe. "In order to protect the Portuguese monarchy against dangers both at home and abroad, the fleet was anchored in the tagus river; Britain's decisive use of naval power in the Mediterranean; Whenever the 'problem of the east' became apparent, it used to station its fleet in front of the dardanelles. These are all examples of Britain's maritime power, which is geographically limited but still very important in the minds of European governments. With control of the sea lanes of communication, Britain could easily impose a naval blockade, political and economic pressure, and eventually force a surrender or peace on a hostile country in the event of war. Britain's classical maritime power reached its zenith in 1897, when the British celebrated queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. Paul Kenny wrote: "the royal naval strength, their size is equal to the other two of the largest fleet; its unparalleled network of naval bases and submarine cable stations spans the globe; it owns by far the world's largest merchant fleet, which carries the goods of the world's largest trading nation. The financial services industry in the city of London makes the UK the largest investor, banker, insurer and commodity trader in the global economy ", so "if there is one country that really wants to dominate the world, it is the UK. In fact, it is not just trying to dominate the world, it has already done so. However, at the same time when the British classical sea power reached its peak, there was also a deep crisis. Industrial and economic power was the foundation of maritime power, and by the end of the 19th century, with the relative decline of British industrial power, the foundation of British maritime power was constantly weakened. In 1880, Britain accounted for 22.9% of the world's total exports of manufactured goods, but by 1913 it had decreased to 13.6%. In 1880, Britain accounted for 23.2% of world trade, but in 1911-1913 it accounted for 14.1%. The emerging industrial countries also vigorously developed their navies, which directly challenged Britain's maritime hegemony. Under the influence of JeuneEcole, France has made great efforts to develop new ships such as torpedo boats and submarines, hoping to break Britain's maritime monopoly through new technologies. By 1900, France and Russia, Britain's two biggest maritime rivals, had more than 20 warships under construction or planned. The British navy defense act passed in 1889 explicitly stipulated the implementation of the two-power standard, which was mainly aimed at the navies of France and Russia. After the proposal of Weltpolitik of William ii, the new Germany developed its navy with a more rapid momentum, which became the biggest threat to British maritime power. Under the 1898 navy act, the German navy plans to build 19 class I battleships, eight armored coast guard ships, 12 heavy cruisers and 30 light cruisers. In 1900, Germany passed a new naval law with a much larger ship-building program. The act stipulates that by 1920, the German navy will have a large maritime force composed of battleships, overseas fleets and reserve fleets. The battleship fleet will consist of two fleet flagships and four sub-fleets, each consisting of eight battleships, eight heavy cruisers and 24 light cruisers. The overseas fleet consists of 3 heavy cruisers and 10 light cruisers, while the reserve fleet is equipped with 4 battleships, 3 heavy cruisers and 4 light cruisers. At this rate of development, Britain believed, Germany would become the world's second largest naval power after Britain in 1906, with better artillery and better naval training. The relatively slow pace of rearmament is another problem Britain has to face. The rapid development of military technology made warships in service in the 19th century rapidly outdated, and the large scale of the royal navy is unlikely to build a large number of new ships in a short period of time to replace the old ships often not to the service period, a large number of old warships occupied a large number of personnel and military expenditure, become a heavy burden on the modernization of the British navy. Emerging powers such as Germany can arm their fleets with the latest technology, often at a faster rate than Britain's. Britain has also been plagued by a lack of funding for its navy. Defence spending has been kept relatively low because fiscal stability is seen as the key to national security. After the liberal party came to power in 1905, it vigorously promoted social welfare programs and reduced the military expenditure of the navy. In the fiscal year 1904-1905, the navy spent 11,263,019 pounds on building ships, which was sharply reduced to 96,688,444 pounds in the fiscal year 1905-1906 and 7,406,930 pounds in the fiscal year 1908-1909. At the same time, the bank credit advantage that had made Britain proud before industrialisation and underpinned its naval development was gone. Industrialization greatly increased the income available for defense spending of the two continental powers, France and Germany. They also established a national bank for massive borrowing and improved financial efficiency, which greatly enhanced the economic strength of France and Germany in developing the navy. While Britain remains Europe's most financially powerful country, it no longer has the overwhelming borrowing advantage it once had to maintain naval power in wartime. More importantly, since the second half of the 19th century, European and American powers have competed to develop navies, making it impossible for Britain to maintain an edge everywhere in the world. "France, Russia, Turkey, Germany and the United States have all been openly hostile, and the unprecedented severity of the European situation has prevented the admiralty from strengthening its overseas fleet in the event of an imperial emergency." Under such circumstances, simply expanding the size of the fleet has become difficult to maintain Britain's maritime superiority, financial pressure has forced Britain to find a more effective way to cope with competition, and calls for reform are growing louder. 51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。 51due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多essay代写范文 提供代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The us trade deficit,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了美国的贸易逆差。自20世纪70年代石油危机后,美国为提高国际竞争力,不断行结构调整,造成了不同层面的结构失衡,最终导致美国贸易逆差。而汇率、财政赤字,美元本位等问题,更是对美国的贸易逆差起到推波助澜的作用。美国要从根本上消除长期存在的贸易逆差,必须矫正美国内部和外部的结构扭曲状况,实现内部结构和外部结构同时不平衡的现状。
The us trade deficit has existed for a long time and is on a trend of expanding. After World War II, the United States first had a trade deficit in 1971. In 1971, the trade deficit of the United States was only 1.5 billion us dollars. Since then, it has existed for a long time and climbed all the way up to the peak of 267.6 billion us dollars in 1999. Although the us trade deficit has declined after the financial crisis, the scale of the us trade deficit has not changed fundamentally, for various reasons. This paper mainly analyzes the reasons for the long-term existence of the us trade deficit from three aspects: the imbalance of investment-savings, the uncoordinated internal and external structural adjustment and the imbalance of industrial structure. Since 1971, the United States has ended its long-term trade surplus. In 2006, the United States trade deficit reached 856.755 billion us dollars, climbing to the historical peak. Although it fluctuated slightly during this period, it was on the whole expanding. With the outbreak of the financial tsunami in 2007, the us trade deficit has been reduced, but it has not been fundamentally reversed. The level of the deficit is still very high. The continuous huge trade deficit of the United States has become an important aspect of the imbalance of the world economy and an important source of risks for the world economy. For a long time, the us authorities and trade surplus countries have tried to take various measures to adjust the trade imbalance, but the size of the trade deficit is still on the rise. Therefore, the study of the us trade deficit has important practical significance. Scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of studies on the causes of the trade deficit in the United States and analyzed the causes from various aspects. Mainly include the following views: double deficit said Feldstein, believes that the fiscal deficit is the fundamental cause of the U.S. trade deficit. Fiscal deficit means more government consumption. In order to prevent inflation, the government will not finance the deficit, thus causing interest rate rise, foreign capital inflow and dollar appreciation, and ultimately leading to trade deficit. However, during the Clinton administration, the us budget was in surplus, but it was precisely the period when the us trade deficit increased by a large margin. Currency manipulation says undervaluation by U.S. trading partners is a major cause of the U.S. trade deficit. Both Japan and Germany have experienced rapid real effective exchange rate appreciation, but this has not significantly changed their trade surplus with the United States; The difference in economic growth points out that the strong growth of the U.S. economy leads to the increase of its import demand, while the slow growth of other trading partners leads to the decline of U.S. exports, which ultimately leads to the U.S. trade deficit. Global savings glut said that east Asia's emerging economies of fast economic growth and the accumulation of a large number of foreign exchange reserves of the petroleum exporting countries into the United States, which makes the United States of real interest rates down, asset prices are rising, and the wealth effect generated by the rise in asset prices and leading to a fall in the saving rate, thus cause the trade deficit; The dollar privilege says scholars who hold this view believe that the United States has more soft constraints on international debt and that the vast majority of so-called external debt does not require actual resources to be repaid. As for the above explanations of the us trade deficit, from the previous three perspectives, it is obviously not in line with the reality that if the government fiscal deficit, exchange rate factors and differences in economic growth rate lead to the trade deficit, the result must be temporary. The fourth view overemphasizes the impact of external factors on the us economy. The fifth view is simply that the privilege of the dollar is a condition for the us trade deficit to be sustained and, to some extent, expanded. In reality, from the perspective of the structure of the us trade deficit, the us trade deficit mainly comes from the trade in goods, among which the proportion of manufactured goods is large and the increase is the largest. The trade deficit of secondary primary products does not change much. The United States has a competitive advantage in trade in services, which has been running a surplus. Therefore, this paper believes that the above factors may affect the us trade balance to some extent, but the underlying reason for the continuous expansion of the us trade deficit is caused by its structural imbalance. From the perspective of investment, the first trade deficit of the United States since 1971 marks the loss of the competitive advantage of traditional American industries. To this end, since the mid-1980s, the United States has carried out large-scale economic restructuring, reduced military expenditure, invested a large amount of funds in increasing investment in civil technology research and development, developed high-tech industries and transformed traditional industries to achieve industrial restructuring and upgrading. At the same time, the government also encourages enterprises to invest through tax cuts. In the 1990s, the United States began to have a new economy represented by information technology, with sustained economic growth, which also stimulated large-scale investment by enterprises. In conclusion, on the one hand, the characteristics of the American consumer economy determine that the marginal propensity to consume in the United States is very high, and the savings rate must be insufficient. On the other hand, the economic restructuring and industrial upgrading of the United States require huge investment. The imbalance between demand and investment will inevitably lead to the us financing its internal demand gap through the trade deficit. At the same time, the strong economic and political power, the international division of labor, a high speed of economic growth, highly developed financial markets and the advantages of the center of international reserve currency status for $source continuously flows into the United States also attract external resources, create conditions for the internal imbalance of supply and demand balance, to make America's trade deficit can be sustained. In the era of economic globalization, the adjustment of a country's internal economic structure is closely related to its external economic structure. In the late 1960s, the American economy began to decline relatively. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, under the fierce competition from Japan, federal Germany and some developing countries, the international competitive advantage of the United States deteriorated sharply and the trade deficit rose sharply. Against this background, since the 1980s, the us economy has undergone the most profound structural adjustment and upgrading since the war. Through the adoption of strategic trade policy, increase investment in r&d to develop high technology industry, promote the enterprise merger and realize the rationalization of industrial organization, relying on venture capital and small business development of high technology, realized the high technology industry rapid development, but also promoted the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries such as cars, steel, the enterprise internal organization structure is more effective, significantly enhance the international competitiveness, America in the 20th century the golden age of economic growth. Strong economic growth in the United States has led to strong domestic investment and consumer demand. At the same time, the process of structural adjustment and upgrade in the United States, the United States part of the traditional labor intensive and capital intensive industry and east Asia home rich successful docking, cheap, high quality of labor force resources, developing countries to develop the general manufacturing and a large number of exports to the United States, meet the necessities of low-cost domestic demand and production inputs, promote the economy structure adjustment and upgrade; Other developed countries, including Japan and European countries, have slow economic restructuring, low capital formation rate of high-tech industries, and large amount of capital flows to the United States, thus meeting the needs of economic restructuring and expansion in the United States. The imbalance of structural adjustment between developing countries, the United States and other developed countries such as Japan and Europe aggravates the trade imbalance of the United States. Driven by global capital and resources, the United States has successfully achieved economic restructuring and industrial upgrading, but it has also established high-tech industries with potential production capacity and production scale commensurate with the global market, far exceeding domestic demand and resulting in structural surplus. In other words, only the global market can absorb the actual production capacity and production scale formed by the high-tech industry in the United States. Therefore, the global market size is required to upgrade and expand simultaneously with this adjustment process. If other countries can vigorously improve the existing industrial structure and develop emerging industries, take American high-tech products as intermediate inputs, and increase the demand for American high-tech products, a virtuous circle can be formed with the structural adjustment of the American economy to promote the trade balance of the United States. However, this is only an ideal situation. In the real world, first of all, developed countries such as Japan and European countries are trapped in structural obstacles, with slow economic restructuring and little room for structural adjustment in the short term. The general manufacturing industry of emerging market countries is over-developed, and the whole economy is over-dependent on the general manufacturing industry. There is still an objective need to promote economic development by exporting to the United States. Moreover, economic restructuring involves multiple complex factors such as national income distribution, industrial restructuring, social security system and population composition, which is a long-term process and impossible to achieve in the short term. On the other hand, the products produced by the high-tech industry, in addition to the machines and equipment in the physical form, are more intangible technologies, patents, standards, services and so on. In the international scope, the product realization link of high-tech industry is mainly manifested as technology transfer and sales. However, the global trade and investment rules formed in the Uruguay round in the early 1990s cannot guarantee that the profit distribution pattern in the process of technology dissemination is in favor of the United States. Therefore, the absence of new multilateral investment agreements and intellectual property rights agreements has a negative impact on the global technology diffusion process and greatly restricts the coordinated development of other countries and the economic structure of the United States. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the imbalance and uncoordinated structural adjustment of the United States, emerging market countries and other developed countries is one of the reasons for the existence of the U.S. trade deficit production period. After two oil crises in the 1970s, the international competitive advantage of the United States declined. Guided by neoliberal economic theories, the United States held high the banner of economic globalization and began large-scale industrial restructuring, gradually transferring a large number of manufacturing industries to developing countries. As a result, the proportion of the service industry in the national economy keeps rising, and the manufacturing industry shrinks correspondingly, resulting in hollowing out of the manufacturing industry. By 2007, the year before the financial crisis, the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the United States was 1.2%, 20.9% and 77.9%, respectively. Serious imbalance in the structure of secondary and tertiary industries. This structure has also had a serious impact on the us trade balance. The shrinking manufacturing industry means that the majority of ordinary consumer goods, manufactured goods and other goods in the United States are no longer produced in the United States, and they have to rely more on imports to meet the sharply increased consumer demand, and the foreign trade deficit is rapidly expanding. By 2008, the us had a surplus of 153.5 billion us dollars in trade in services and a deficit of 882.1 billion us dollars in trade in goods, accounting for 6.1% of GDP. At the same time, compared with goods, services have a low degree of tradable participation. Therefore, with the continuous adjustment of the industrial structure of the United States and the continuous increase of the proportion of service industry, the export volume per unit of the newly added GNP of the United States decreases correspondingly, and the export capacity of the United States will be further weakened and the deficit will be further expanded. From the perspective of the interdependence between service industry and manufacturing industry, manufacturing industry is the material basis of service industry. The service industry mainly includes financial insurance, medical care, transportation, tourism and education industries. These industries have a strong dependence on the production of material products produced by the manufacturing industry. When the material products produced by the manufacturing industry of the United States cannot meet the needs of the production of the service industry, it is necessary to import a large number of such products. Such as financial insurance industry, communication and information equipment; Large buildings and leasing equipment in real estate and leasing industries; Replacement of parts and components for commercial service departments; Large quantities of valuable drugs and medical equipment in the medical sector; With the development of these sectors, the demand for iron and steel and means of transport will inevitably increase. But in the production of this kind of product manufacturing with the adjustment of industrial structure, many of the manufacturing or production links all transferred to overseas, the gradual improvement of the service industry proportion in the national economy in the United States, on the one hand, increased the demand for capital goods production support services, while on the other hand reduces the native American enterprise on the supply of the goods, therefore, can make up for the growing service sector through import capital goods supply and demand gap. Along with the increase of the proportion of American service industry and the shrinking of manufacturing industry, American industry has transferred overseas. The overseas transfer of American industries is realized through the overseas investment of transnational corporations, which always has a negative impact on the trade deficit of the United States. On the one hand, the overseas direct investment of transnational corporations replaces the products exported from the host country to the home country to some extent, so it will reduce the export of the home country. On the other hand, it will increase the deficit by exporting to the home country through internal transactions of transnational corporations. Therefore, with the imbalance of American industrial structure, it is bound to stimulate the expansion of American trade deficit. The adjustment of the industrial structure of the United States leads to the imbalance of the industrial structure, which increases the import of capital goods needed for the production of general manufacturing products and service industries, greatly affects the export capacity of the United States, and finally has an important impact on the trade deficit of the United States. Thus it can be seen that the imbalance of American industrial structure is the deep root of its trade deficit. Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, the United States has continuously adjusted its structure to improve its international competitiveness, and the structural imbalance at different levels is the reason for the long-term existence of the U.S. trade deficit. The exchange rate, fiscal deficit, dollar standard and other reasons are only secondary or temporary reasons, which only contribute to the trade deficit of the United States. Therefore, to fundamentally eliminate the long-term trade deficit in the United States, it is necessary to correct the internal and external structural distortions of the United States, and realize the current imbalance of the internal and external structure. 51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。 51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 想必留学生们都知道,在写作英文论文的时候,如果大家引用了别人的观点,那么就要标注出处,即Reference. Reference对于英文论文写作是非常重要的,所以英国大学会有专门的课程教导大家如何正确书写Reference,下面就给大家讲解一下。
1.一般的英国高校,Reference中作者的姓名禁止运用中国名。 2.Reference的年代有必要运用2000年今后的时间。 3.谨记需求运用斜体的地方。 4.规范In-text reference的写法,括号、作者、逗号、反括号、句号等都需求严厉遵照要求进行。 5.毕业论文的写作中,常常会呈现某某人以为/说,这时分某某人后边需求注明时间,这也是一种In-text reference,与此同时,reference list中也有必要写清楚相应的reference。 6.reference中,呈现的一些书名和文章名,都有必要与原文中标注了这条reference的文字内容相符。 7.假如引证的reference出自政府机关、公司内部,这时分是没有作者称号的,可是其他的情况下作者的姓名都需求写清楚。 8.不同的论文都会规则运用不同的reference格式,比较常见的有以下几种:哈佛(Harvard)格式、芝加哥(CMS)格式、APA格式、MLA格式。这些都需求在写作的时分依据要求来操作。 以上就是关于Reference的写作格式和要求讲解,如果同学们能把这些写作的格式和要求记住,那么Reference部分肯定能写好。 想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯,我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 本篇paper代写- A style of artistic design讨论了艺术设计的风格。艺术风格是艺术设计的时代风格和民族风格。艺术设计的风格,一般是指艺术设计家在艺术作品中所表现出来的创作个性与艺术个性,它是人们社会生活的审美观念、素质层次、民族文化的总体需求与反映。艺术设计风格的形成有着多方面的原因,艺术家在艺术设计过程中或创作完成后的作品中都物化了艺术家的个性特点和认知原则。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。
The style of artistic design, it is to point to artistic designer commonly the creation individual character that place shows in artistic work and artistic individual character. It is the overall demand and reflection of people's aesthetic concept, quality level and national culture in social life. As for artistic design style, it involves the subjective aspects of artists, such as thoughts and feelings, personality and temperament, life experience, cultural accomplishment and the particularity of aesthetic ideal. All these, in turn, are affected by the particularity of the material and spiritual civilization of the country and nation in the historical development, as well as by political, philosophical, religious and aesthetic thoughts. The diversity of artistic design style also comes from the diversity of aesthetic needs. As the subject of appreciation has different social, cultural and age levels and belongs to different ethnic groups and regions, aesthetic needs vary greatly, which in turn stimulates and promotes the formation of different artistic styles. There are various reasons for the formation of artistic design style. First of all, as a special spiritual production, artistic design is bound to leave an artist's personal mark on artistic works. Artist as the creation subject in the design of art, his personality, temperament and endowment, talent, psychology and so on various aspects of characteristics, are naturally projection and fused cast to his creation of art, make the subject object materialized through creative Labour to spiritual products, artists in the process of art design or creation after the completion of the works are materialized the artist's personality traits and cognitive principles. Artistic style is the design of The Times and national style. The artistic style of the era is the portrayal of the science and technology, culture and aesthetic consciousness of a certain period and an era. The artistic design style of the era is the materialized expression of the cultural concept, aesthetic consciousness and value orientation of an era in the design. The bronze wares in the early shang and zhou dynasties had strong decorative characteristics, strong fantasy elements, and weird images. On the whole, ancient Chinese bronzes are characterized by vivid shapes, fine ornamentation, clear inscriptions and gorgeous decorations. However, if we carefully distinguish them, we can still find distinctive features of The Times in their styles. Chow era, is China's slave society's heyday, bronze art has reached the jisheng stage, especially the late shang dynasty and early western zhou dynasty bronze ware, bulky and heavy, especially popular a kind of "gluttonous" beast grain, it is like a cow, and like a tiger, is like some kind of fierce beasts, and as a horrific monsters, it shows a kind of mysterious power, the beauty of a ferocious, it is obvious the stamp of the slave society, is a symbol of the authority of the slave owners class rule and order, this is the embodiment of the spirit of the age, it is in the cultural atmosphere, to appear the "ding" so neatly, standard, order, order of the model Form. For example, although the shang dynasty and the zhou dynasty in China both belonged to slavery, the cultural characteristics of the shang dynasty and the zhou dynasty were different. The culture of shang dynasty is more prominent in sacrifice. Its life content, material culture and spiritual culture mainly revolve around sacrifice. Therefore, the bronze wares of Yin and shang dynasties were greatly strengthened in size and strength to meet the needs of sacrifice. The rites of the zhou dynasty, though there were sacrifices, were different from the rites of the Yin and shang dynasties, which were the worship of ghosts and gods from a distance. Be like Chinese bright type furniture to be in again the disparate on design style and aesthetic characteristic, also be because of the influence place of different culture, cause. Ming style furniture was produced in the Ming dynasty private garden such a specific cultural atmosphere and environmental atmosphere, and many private garden owners, themselves are good at writing and painting literati. With the aesthetic requirements and standards of literati, they planned the overall design style of furniture in garden buildings, and some of them participated in the design of furniture style in person. This makes bright type furniture sends out thick literati interest and scroll breath not only, and infuse the connotation of culture of more literati literati and officialdom. Ming furniture is a kind of materialization of literati culture in the south of the Ming dynasty. The proportion scale that chair of Ming dynasty produces as a result of modelling, and the beauty of simple but elegant and simple qualitative, make furniture craft achieved very high level. Of furniture whole long, wide and tall, whole and local balance scale are very appropriate. The Ming style furniture was occupied and used by the feudal ruling class. For example, some chairs were high and wide in surface and armrest, which was required by the feudal ruling class to "sit upright" to show their majesty. Therefore, the formation of design style in each era is closely related to the cultural development at that time. The cultural atmosphere of an era is the soil for the development of design in that era, and the artistic design of an era also reflects the appearance and characteristics of the culture of that era. Religion is a complex cultural form. It creates a relatively independent religious culture by itself, which makes it a special form of world culture and a link in the development chain of world culture. In religious culture, there are various religious arts. Involving architecture, sculpture, painting and other arts. In the middle ages, a bible was the bible of the ruling class. The place where the culture was spread was the church. The design of the church could best represent the western culture at that time. Cologne cathedral in Germany, Notre Dame cathedral in Paris is one of the typical representatives. Both are gothic in style, and outwardly, its towering spires are tattooed with angelic awe, while its bleak walls and framing are shocking. High church is long and narrow narrow space, as well as on the rows of slender columns to form a kind of empty and move feeling, make the person produces the otherworldly close to heaven of hallucinations, coupled with the Christian story on walls or Windows in the church paintings, adopts the design of the Windows of stained glass Mosaic is given priority to with red, blue, and purple configured to the bible story of glass Mosaic, build a strong religious atmosphere. The birth of European "baroque" art is a cultural phenomenon at the end of the 16th century, which began to flourish from the beginning of the 17th century to the 18th century. "baroque" art abandoned the rigorous and harmonious classical style and was committed to creating an artistic realm of magnificence, fullness, realism, strong movement and saturated tone. The meaning for "baroque" "pearl" deformed, it formed a new Renaissance of the pursuit of highly realistic and harmony dignified humanistic tradition, and the pursuit of gorgeous, exaggeration, bizarre and spectacular surface effect, in full color and distort the curve of the turmoil, through the light changes and form the dynamic atmosphere to shape a kind of spirit, thus the real life and fantasy passion together, to create a thrilling fun. The style of "baroque" architectural design deliberately pursues the effect of abnormality and novelty in the form. The appearance is free and unrestrained, the lines are zigzag and changeable, the composition rhythm of the building is not stable, often irregular jumping, and the wavy wall has an infinite dynamic force. Love USES double pillar, even with 3 pillar are a group, the change between the open space is very big also. In the decoration of "baroque" take more curves, the use of twists and turns in the form of patterns, into a complex and circuitous shape; Like to use a large number of colorful murals and exaggerated posture of the statue, rich and colorful art structure, reflects the idea of theocracy center. In construction, the mid and late 18th century Louis xv of France during the reign of the rise of a "rococo" style, it appears coarse on the architectural appearance, typical opportunely, gorgeous, pay attention to the intricate carving decoration, the phenomenon is a sculpture "rococo" building in luxury, "baroque" phenomenon and the essence of architectural style in this era style exist. "Rococo" art was full of exotic emotional appeal and fantastic ideas, the pursuit of free stretch, lively naturalistic emotional appeal. In the second half of the 18th century, with the deepening of enlightenment, the contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the feudal aristocracy became increasingly acute. France is brewing a great revolutionary storm. In this new era, the delicate and delicate "rococo" art has been incompatible with the contemporary atmosphere, people call for the emergence of new art that can be consistent with the new era. The German aesthetician winkelmann made a lot of serious research on ancient Greek art at an early age. In the mid-18th century, he published his paper on ancient Greek art, some opinions on imitating Greek works in painting and sculpture art, and later published the history of ancient art. These works and his aesthetic thoughts on ancient art had a wide influence in Europe. In the middle of the 18th century, driven by the enlightenment and scientific spirit, Italy and other ancient cities along the Mediterranean coast were excavated one by one, especially the excavation of the ancient city of Pompeii in Rome in the middle of the 18th century. People saw a new art style with rational and rigorous characteristics and the spirit of advocating heroism. In the second half of the 18th century, there was a great upsurge in the study and research of ancient art in France, and a new movement of restoring ancient ways appeared, which was called neoclassicism in the art history. The origin of neoclassicism was ancient Roman art, Italian Renaissance art in its heyday, and the classicism represented by poussaint in the 17th century. All these arts embody a spirit of tranquility, elegance and rationalism. 要想成绩好,英国论文得写好,51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯,专业辅导,还为你提供专业英国essay代写,paper代写,report代写,需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ:800020041或者Wechat:Abby0900吧。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Britain's unemployment insurance system,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了英国的失业保险制度。英国失业保险法在20世纪初建立。在其发展一段时间后,就失业保险的影响而言,有人认为失业保险的出现阻碍了英国劳工的流动性,失业保险给工人带来了安全感,剥夺了他们的主动性。所以英国用失业保险制度来对抗失业问题是不合理的,它的虚假安全感使劳动力的流动性降低。毫无疑问,在失业保险制度建立发展前期,有些工人拒绝给低于正常工资的行业工作,但当工人失业一段时间后,正式禁止以较低工资拒绝工作将会被剥夺领取失业福利资格。
Britain since the unemployment insurance law "established in 1911, according to its relationship with the labor mobility problem, many scholars believe the establishment of the unemployment insurance system makes people lazy behavior, hindered the motivation of the in search of work, especially to limit the people to" migration "to find suitable work enthusiasm, it is the main reason affecting the labor mobility. The author thinks that there are many factors affecting labor mobility, and unemployment insurance is not the main factor. On the contrary, the establishment of employment exchange under the unemployment insurance system provides more opportunities for unemployed people to find jobs and indirectly promotes the mobility of labor force. The British unemployment insurance act was established in the early 20th century. After its development for a period of time, some scholars pointed out that "the emergence of unemployment insurance hindered the mobility of British workers, which brought workers a sense of security and deprived them of initiative. "It is unreasonable for the UK to use unemployment insurance to combat unemployment. Its false sense of security makes Labour less mobile." There is no doubt that in the early stage of the establishment and development of the unemployment insurance system, some workers refused to work in industries with lower than normal wages, but when workers were out of work for a period of time, a formal ban on refusing to work with lower wages would deprive them of the eligibility for unemployment benefits. The unemployment insurance act of 1911 was passed under normal industrial conditions. One of its objectives is to enable the unemployed to receive welfare payments to support themselves on the wages and conditions they are accustomed to receive. He can refuse an unemployed worker a job in an area where he does not live. The employment exchange office shall not force it to accept conditions of employment lower than those set out in agreements between workers and employers' associations or by "good" employers. But in the postwar depression and industrial upheaval, the employment exchange under the unemployment insurance system was unlikely to adhere strictly to these standards. In a later amendment to the unemployment insurance act, the act expanded the definition of appropriate work to include working in another occupation after a reasonable length of unemployment. Under this provision, a worker is required to accept an occupation other than his previous occupation at a lower salary and on lower terms than he was entitled to under the penalty of disqualification from welfare. "If the unemployment insurance system has more or less affected the movement of labor in the early days, it will not have this effect after the revised bill takes effect. We need to take a dynamic look at the relationship between unemployment insurance system and unemployment insurance system. Clay insisted that "the way to increase labor mobility is either to reduce wages to at least 1924 levels in real terms, or to increase industrial productivity through the use of more capital, technological improvements or restructuring, or to continue unemployment. This is true regardless of whether unemployment insurance is abolished or not. "At the moment, for better or worse, the incentive for public spending to find work is less incentive than it would be for unemployment insurance schemes," said one authority. The poor law is a system in which there is no mechanism for the unemployed to be placed in new positions. The commission also stated that while the provision of unemployment benefits had reduced incentives for migration and internal migration to some extent, it had minimized that risk through wise regulations and procedures, particularly the setting up of employment exchanges. According to the survey, in 1929, the number of unemployed people resettled by the employment exchange office accounted for 90% of the total number of unemployed people, which greatly promoted the mobility of labor force. Officials acknowledge that measures must be taken to prevent unemployment insurance from reducing liquidity, and the employment exchange, which manages insurance, provides a means to stem this trend. Since the exchange is a national system, each exchange keeps in touch with employers all over the UK. When the development of any one region is sluggish, workers can be placed in other places, which makes the employment exchange under the unemployment insurance system provide a means for workers' intelligent career transfer. "When guided wisely, migration is better than blind cues from hunger." The combination of unemployment insurance and exchanges has greatly increased liquidity. Previously desperate workers had to rely on rumors. Now a government agency has provided him with accurate information about a job, even across the country. This would undoubtedly stimulate the confidence of the unemployed and increase their willingness to migrate. Furthermore, the late revision of the unemployment insurance act has placed new pressure on migrant workers who are hesitant to move because they will lose their unemployment benefits if they refuse appropriate work. At the same time, aimless mobility has been greatly reduced by the existence of unemployment insurance. Previously, the only opportunity for unemployed workers to go out to work was to wander around after hearing "rumors" or seeing "advertisements" in newspapers. Sometimes, when he went to the factory advertised for a hundred people, he would find a thousand unemployed people in front of him. Unemployed workers now know that if there is telecommuting, the communications office will notify them, which makes previously unorganized and often hopeless work a little more reliable. Poverty in 1930, England and wales legal guardian 55 of the central meeting, said the salvation army members? David lamb, as unemployment insurance, and employment communication Settings, the old type of rangers had largely disappeared. Thirty years ago, he claims, the guard council met an "army" of 50,000 to 80,000 people who were driven or driven on the roads. In the author's opinion, there are many factors hindering labor mobility, such as housing shortage, which hinders geographical migration. Inadequate training impedes skill transfer; the individual initiative flaw and faces the change or the risk inadaptability hinders the psychological migration; Family relations, age and other factors are important obstacles to labor mobility. Compared with the former, the unemployment insurance system has little impact on labor mobility. Especially with the continuous improvement of the late unemployment insurance system, it not only does not hinder the flow of labor force, but also indirectly promotes the flow of labor force due to the establishment of various mechanisms. Just as an expert said, the establishment of compulsory unemployment insurance system in Britain is a world innovation. It has a positive impact on solving the problem of unemployment and poverty. In addition to guaranteeing the basic life of the unemployed, it also promotes the flow of unemployed workers everywhere. 想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里,51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务,为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有;未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。 |
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