下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- American high school curriculum,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了美国中学的课程设置。美国中学课程设置的宗旨是使学生全面发展,结构合理,充分发挥学生的潜力,调动学生的积极性、主动性,培养学生的特长,鼓励个性发展。大部分中学开设了百余种课程供学生选择。课程分必修课与选修课。必修课要求学生掌握必要而合理的学科知识结构,以适应社会的基本要求。选修课程丰富是美国中学的显著特征。它充分满足学生的兴趣志向,培养专业技能,促进个人特长的发展。
The social concept of the United States focuses on self-development, individuality and competition. The curriculum fully reflects this value, students have a large degree of autonomy in learning. The purpose of curriculum setting in American middle schools is to enable students to develop comprehensively, have a wide range of knowledge and a reasonable structure, give full play to students' potential, mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative, cultivate their specialties and encourage their individual development. Most secondary schools offer more than 100 courses for students to choose from. The courses are divided into compulsory courses and elective courses. Compulsory courses require students to master necessary and reasonable subject knowledge structure to adapt to the basic requirements of society. The abundance of elective courses is a prominent feature of American middle schools. It fully meets the interests and aspirations of students, cultivate professional skills, and promote the development of personal expertise. According to the depth and difficulty, each course offered by the school is divided into several levels, such as basic level, general level, honor level, advanced level, etc., which are numbered respectively and marked with the course grade for students of different grades and levels to choose. Low level courses are the basic requirements, credits completed to meet the requirements of graduation, high level courses and university connection, learning is recognized by the university. This not only ensures the quality of graduates, but also provides full opportunities for outstanding students with learning potential to further their study in school. Educational programs, or projects, are also part of the educational programs offered by American high schools. The school allocates part of the total teaching time for students to engage in a wide range of comprehensive education plans and projects. These research plans or projects are often closely related to disciplinary knowledge, and are often interdisciplinary, comprehensive and practical. Students' extracurricular activities are regarded as an integral part of the educational content. American middle school students have a variety of extracurricular activities, which can be divided into academic activities, recreational activities, sports activities and community activities. Academic subjects include science, mathematics, computers, writing, editing, and debate. There are drama club, choir, band, dance team, photography club, bridge club, future farmers club, young entrepreneurs club; Sports include various school sports teams, cheerleaders, etc. There is a tutor for all kinds of extracurricular activities. American schools regard extracurricular activities as an important way to help students to develop their abilities and adapt to the society, and often carry out assessment, from which students' competitive psychology, sense of responsibility, leadership and interpersonal relationship can be seen. 51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创essay代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。 51due为留学生提供最好的essay代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多essay代写范文 提供代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。
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下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Barrier-free environmental design in the United States,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了美国的无障碍环境设计。无障碍环境是一种人性化空间,旨在确保人的移动权,让所有的人能共同参与社会活动,使每个人都能畅通无阻,随心所欲地去到每一个公共空间,想用各种资源。美国是世界上第一个制定出有关无障碍环境设计标准的国家,其无障碍环境建设得到多层次的立法保障,各种无障碍设施既有全方位的布局,又与公共环境协调统一,为残疾人、老年人带来方便与安全。
"Barrier-free environment" is a kind of humanized space, which aims to ensure people's "right to move", so that all people can participate in social activities together, so that no matter the old, young, injured, healthy people, everyone can be unimpeded, go to every public space at will, want to use all kinds of resources. The United States was the first country in the world to develop standards for designing accessible environments. Its barrier-free environment construction is guaranteed by multi-level legislation. All kinds of barrier-free facilities are arranged in an all-round way and coordinated and unified with the public environment to bring convenience and safety to the disabled and the elderly. The concept of barrier-free design, first named in 1974, is a new concept proposed by the United Nations organization. It emphasizes that in the modern society of the development of science and technology, all about human food and clothing live line public space environment and all kinds of building facilities, equipment, planning and design, must be fully considered with different degree of physical disability defect and normal activity ability decline the use demand, equipped with can satisfy their demand of service function and installations, build a loving and caring, ensure human safety, convenient, comfortable environment for modern life. Barrier-free design is first reflected in urban buildings, transportation, public environment facilities and equipment, as well as the indicating system. The ideal goal of barrier-free design is "barrier-free". Based on the detailed study of human behavior, consciousness and action response, it is committed to optimizing the design of all objects and environments for human use, removing those "obstacles" that make users feel confused and difficult and providing users with the greatest possible convenience. This is the basic idea of barrier-free design. The development process of the concept of barrier-free design in the United States can be divided into three historical periods from the perspective of design norms and laws and policies: 1960 ~ 1970s, accessibility design concept promotion period. Because in the early 1950s, polio patients gradually grew, and the impact of the second world war and the Korean war caused a large number of disabled soldiers to reintegrate into the American society, it was a great challenge for the American government to settle the livelihood of these wounded soldiers and provide opportunities for their reintegration. In late 1959, the President of the United States appointed city councils to prepare for the establishment of a "barrier-free environment" design baseline. In 1961, the American national standards institute (ANSI) established the "standard specification for the accessibility and accessibility of buildings, facilities and equipment for americans with disabilities", which is the world's earliest code for "barrier-free environment" design. In the same year, the employment act for persons with disabilities was enacted, stipulating that employers should not exclude employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. At the same time due to the disabled person return to society, into the enterprise service, enterprise related buildings must comply with the use of the convenience for the disabled, so the U.S. government in 1968 formulated the "ruled out building barriers act", ruled that all the construction of buildings or the U.S. government funded by the federal government financing of the new building and renovation of buildings, at least for the disabled in a gateway, must ensure the accessibility of disabled persons and the rights of use. In the 1970s, disabled people automatically launched the qualification life movement of "disabled people don't show mercy, and ask for independent services and environmental equipment". In the 1970s, due to the rapid expansion of highways in the United States and the improvement of vehicle performance and the acceleration of vehicle form, many accidents occurred, and the number of people with spinal cord injuries in the lower body of society increased rapidly. And because most of America's soldiers returning from the Vietnam war are quadriplegic with spinal cord injuries, the government needs to take action. In order to specify the 1968 "building obstacle removal act" into the design specification, it was made in 1982 "the minimum design guide to meet the building obstacle removal conditions and ensure the accessibility of buildings and facilities from the perspectives of building environment, transportation, communication and so on". In 1988, the fair housing supplemental act of the United States was amended to expand the citizenship rights of disabled people, requiring that civil buildings must also consider the accessibility environment. It is stipulated that for newly built collective houses with more than four households, handrails must be installed at entrances, passageways, buttons, toilets, bathrooms, etc., taking the needs of the disabled into consideration. From 1990 to present, from barrier-free environment design to universal design. As early as the 1970s, professor Ronald l. ace of north Carolina state university proposed the idea that "design should not be different based on age, ability and gender, but should be designed for all". This is what we often refer to today as "universal design", which emphasizes the concept of "universal design" not only for the disabled but also for "all people". The main factor is that in the social background impact of the rapid increase of the elderly population, the elderly consumer population has an overwhelming influence. Many enterprises are concerned about the purchasing power of the elderly population and the consumer market, resulting in innovative design reforms in the enterprise and educational environment. 1990 the President of the United States signed the americans with disabilities act. It is the most legally binding disability support act in the United States, with the primary goal of fully ensuring the human rights and lives of 43 million people with disabilities. In terms of building barrier-free design technology, the United States takes the principle of equal participation of disabled people in social politics, cultural life and Shared social public welfare facilities as the principle, and treats them differently according to needs and may be divided into "general" and "individual". In general public buildings for the disabled access and use of only routine arrangements, and do not do special needs processing, individual difficulties through improved service management and other ways to solve. This simplifies facilities, saves money and is easy to promote. On the other hand, in the buildings where the disabled live, more measures have been taken according to the special requirements of users, including the flexible adjustment of building facilities, so as to make the passage safe and convenient for the disabled. Important historical and cultural buildings have also been transformed accordingly. For example, the Lincoln memorial: the newly added outdoor access ramp, using the same water brush beanstone as the pavement nearby, looks extremely simple and integrated with the main building and the surrounding environment. The disabled enter the memorial hall from the entrance at the side of the steps and take the hydraulic elevator to the exhibition hall on the upper level. In order to ensure barrier-free transportation, the accessibility implementation rules for vehicles for the disabled in the United States were formulated in 1991 and revised in 1998. The rules respectively set the accessibility standards and specifications for different vehicle systems and made special requirements for different types of vehicles. For example, the bus system is required to be equipped with lifting AIDS, doors, steps, thresholds, end points and routes should be designed to meet the requirements of barrier-free, etc., while the railway system of vehicles are required to achieve a barrier-free toilet and compartment. China's barrier-free environment started relatively late. Since the mid-1980s in Shanghai, barrier-free facilities have been built in some large shopping malls, cinemas and railway stations. In the early 1990s, blind lanes were laid for some major joints. On August 1, 2001, the code for barrier-free design of urban roads and buildings was issued. Although China has been promoting "barrier-free design" in the field of architectural space design for more than 20 years, it is still only a term in the field of architectural space design, and it is not yet possible to build a barrier-free society. At present, the trend of the world has shifted from "barrier-free design" which only focuses on architectural space to "universal design" which covers the categories of products, equipment, space, buildings, communication systems and service industries. No matter it is "barrier-free design" or "universal design", its potential objects of use should be extended to all the citizens, and its scope should also cover the whole life level of clothing, food, housing and transportation. Although the barrier-free design in China has made great progress, it still has a long way to go compared with the developed countries in Europe and America. 51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。 51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 可能很多留学生会对essay hook比较陌生。essay hook,指的就是essay写作开头的前几句话,其目的是为了引起读者的注意,吸引别人。一篇优秀的essay,essay hook是非常重要的,下面就给大家讲解一下。
1.引用典文学 在写一篇关于某个作者、故事、文学现象、书籍等的文章时,这时候在开头使用essay hook可以说是很大的加分项。使用引语会使你的文章读起来很新鲜,并确立你作为作者的权威。 2.引用著名人物 恰当的引用著名人物,包括来自权威和有影响力的人的引用可以支持你的论点,列举的这位就是你文章的一个有趣的钩,钓着你的读者们的心。提醒大家关键是要确保你清楚地表明这句话与你的文章有什么关系。 3.收集轶事 当然了,不用担心因为essay hook的引用影响你后面的写作,即使是有趣的轶事开头,也并不意味着你的整篇文章必须是有趣的。一点幽默可以帮助你抓住读者的注意力,激发他们对这个话题的兴趣。 4.提出问题 几乎没有什么比一个精心构建的问题更能吸引人的兴趣了。读者们会想要继续阅读你的文章,以便找到答案。一定要避免简单的“是”或“否”的问题,并试着提出一些问题,让读者思考对方的另一面,或者进行一些批判性思维。 5.场景设置 人们对视觉线索的反应很好。花时间设定一个详细的场景可以帮助你的读者在脑海中清晰地描绘出一个清晰的画面,并创造一个有效essay hook。你可以描述一个事件或详细描述一个人或一个人物的特殊特征,帮助读者沉浸在你的写作中。 以上就是对于essay hook的写作讲解,但是还是需要留学生们自己去钻研essay hook的写作技巧,做到熟练的运用在自己的论文中。 想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯,我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 本篇paper代写- The personal investment讨论了个人投资理财。投资理财是按照自己的实际需求把部分资产进行主动的策划与安排,让其实现保值增值的目的。个人投资理财的关键在于把个人所具备的资产进行理性分析,按照价值评估的眼光实施结构性量化与预测,在个人力所能及的范围内,选择出符合自身实际情况的理财工具,在把自身资产转变为适当形态后,对其价值与形态进行实时评估,以决定取舍或调整,让个人的资产与财富在一个相对安全的状况下不断的增长。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。
Personal investment and financial planning must be combined with their own actual situation to choose their own investment and financial planning in line with the knowledge of certain investment and financial planning, truly realize that investment is not speculation. When the social economy is more prosperous, it is reasonable to reduce the holdings of deposits, stocks, real estate and other physical investment. Only choose a correct investment and financial management path, can let the people benefit for a lifetime. Investing and managing money is not simply a matter of saving and saving money. Putting money in a bank doesn't matter. Nor is it simply a matter of buying and selling stocks. Investment and financing is to actively plan and arrange part of the assets according to their actual needs, so as to achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing the value. Personal finance and investment is the key to the assets of the person have to carry on the rational analysis, according to the evaluation of implementation of structural quantitative and forecasting, in personal power range, choose the accord with the actual situation of their own financial management tools, after convert their assets into the appropriate form, real-time assessment of its value and form, to choose or adjust, make personal assets and wealth in a relatively safe under the conditions of constant growth. People in the process of investment and financing must have a correct psychology, but from the actual situation at the present stage, there are still several kinds of mistakes in personal investment and financing: first, many people have greed. As mentioned in economics, everyone in the society belongs to economic man and is selfish. In order to maximize their own interests, everyone hopes to get more money and make their assets play a better value and role. In order to increase the value of their own assets, many people often make some irrational refusal, such as illegal borrowing, fund-raising, etc. Followed by many individual investors although itself does not have more embezzlement, but as long as meet you think can make money opportunity will be involved in, such as real estate, futures, funds, etc., but because of its own financial resources and energy shortage, many financing ways did not have the desired effect, but the losses; Finally, overconfidence. Everyone has his own ideas. Some people will make blind investment without thinking and cannot think twice before acting after knowing some financial information. Some people have no independent ideas and blindly follow the advice of the so-called experts to make financial investment without considering their own situation, which will eventually cause their own money loss. Adhere to live within your means, the investment and financing trick is to live within your means, personal investment and financing is basically built on the basis of personal net assets, if there is greater uncertainty about the return of investment projects, the risk of borrowing money to invest is very big. People who are new to financial investment must fully realize this problem; return and risk coexist, generally speaking, return and risk are in positive ratio, in the process of personal investment and financial planning, any investment is in order to obtain the ultimate return, but all financial products are more or less the existence of risk, which is also in the process of investment need to pay attention to; diversification of investment and focus on the overall efficiency, our country has an old saying is "don't put your eggs in one basket". This is also the case with personal investment and financial management. We need to invest our available funds into several unrelated products, so that when a certain project encounters risks and brings losses to us, other projects will not be affected and there will be gains to make up for the losses. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the overall risk of investment through a scientific portfolio, so that such investment can be regarded as scientific and reasonable; (4) to be able to immediately cash emergency, no matter how tight hand, must be able to have a flexible cash funds, let it deal with the possible existence of emergencies. For this principle, the most critical is not the amount of physical assets or demand deposits, but the ability of investors to "cash out" in the short term, such as selling securities such as stocks. Since the implementation of China's reform and opening up strategy, the socialist market economy has achieved rapid development, people's living standards are also constantly improving, the amount of personal property is increasing day by day, how to ensure the preservation and appreciation of personal property has become a problem everyone thinks about in modern society. We all want our wealth to grow, and we all want our idle assets to have a good place in a safe environment. Therefore, we should master certain investment and financial management skills. According to the domestic reality, people have invested too much energy in employment, health care, housing and education, and they all hope to realize the appreciation of their assets through financial products. In order to effectively avoid risks and ensure the maximization of their own property, individuals should have certain investment and financial management knowledge and methods. Is the so-called you do not financial management, financial ignore you, to ensure their own assets value and preservation of value, to ensure that personal investment and financial management of the scientific nature, we should take the initiative to develop the right investment and financial habits. People must fully grasp their own actual financial situation, which is the prerequisite to ensure scientific financial management, so everyone should adhere to do a good job in property registration, if people are not very understanding of their own financial situation, efficient financial management is even more out of the question. The development of scientific financial planning requires us to develop a more flexible and operable plan for financial goals, and to understand their own property output and daily expenses. Only by mastering such basic financial information, can people carry out good investment and financial activities according to their specific conditions. Budget well, according to their own budget to seek truth from facts, adhere to all financial activities from the actual start. The foundation of personal investment and financial management is to clearly understand their own needs, understand what things can not be done, what is suitable for their own way of financial management, what financial planning is not in line with their actual ability. The existing assets and liabilities should be liquidated, and the financial products they want to invest in should be comprehensively analyzed and evaluated, so as to ensure that they can bear financial risks and find reasonable financial products. When making personal investment and financing, you must insist on investing as early as possible to enjoy the benefits. It should be realized that there is a positive correlation between risk and return, and high-risk products tend to bring us more benefits. Therefore, people with more idle assets can reasonably choose some high-risk financial products. In addition, we also need to establish a good state of mind, a lot of people often want to invest money in the short term gain. Such mentality is understandable, but it is very difficult to meet in reality. Therefore, we suggest that personal investment and financing must adjust their mentality, adhere to the long-term, do not need to pay too much attention to short-term gains and losses, should pay attention to long-term steady income. In short, in the process of personal finance and investment, everyone must contact their own practice, to evaluate yourself first, judge of their personality, after analysis to the risk of all kinds of products, accurately find out the suitable financial products, to really ensure that personal wealth value. At present, personal investment and financial products are gradually increasing. Modern people should actively learn relevant knowledge and make a scientific financial plan for themselves. 要想成绩好,英国论文得写好,51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯,专业辅导,还为你提供专业英国essay代写,paper代写,report代写,需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ:800020041或者Wechat:Abby0900吧。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The social composition of British universities during the transition period,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了过渡时期英国大学的社会构成。相比于中世纪,过渡时期英国大学的社会构成发生了明显的变化。贵族、中间阶层、社会下层人士之子都成为大学社会构成的重要组成部分。这一时期大学社会构成具有复杂性、多样性以及世俗性与宗教性并存等特征。大学社会构成的变化增强了大学与社会的联系,推动着大学由传统向现代的转型。
The transitional period is an important period for Britain to transform from the traditional agricultural society to the modern industrial society. Under the background of social changes, British university education also goes through the change from tradition to modernity. During this period, college enrollment scale, teaching content and social composition all changed significantly. But in the domestic research to the western higher education history. Modern universities and medieval universities, as the origin of modern universities, have attracted much attention. Little attention has been paid to the transition from medieval universities to modern ones. Even if occasionally involved, he likens this period to an "ice age" of university development, in which the development of universities stagnates. In view of this, this paper will examine the situation, characteristics and influence of the university society from the perspective of its social composition, and show the development of university education in Britain in the transitional period. College social composition refers to the social background of college students. Due to the transition period, British universities were mainly Oxford University and Cambridge university. During this period, the social composition of British universities specifically refers to the social origin of the students of these two traditional universities. Compared with the middle ages, the social composition of British universities changed significantly in the transitional period, which is reflected in the following aspects. First of all, it was the children of the aristocracy who went to school. Here the aristocracy includes "duke, marquis, count, viscount, baron five hereditary aristocracy. They also included barons, knights, knights and gentlemen. The nobles were also called the gentry. The entrance of the children of the aristocracy is a new phenomenon in the British university education in the transitional period. In the middle ages, the sons of the aristocracy were often educated as servants to the higher classes of their families, rather than attending college. According to statistics, during the 177 years from 1307 to 1485, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge enrolled 30,000-45,000 students, among which only 88 were children of aristocrats. It can be said that the entrance of the children of the aristocracy in the middle ages was an exception rather than a common phenomenon. But this centuries-old tradition changed in the interim. It became "fashionable" for the sons of the transitional aristocracy to attend college. During this period the great nobles and gentry sent their successors to college. From 1575 to 1639, of the 19,816 students on the Oxford register, 8,456 came from aristocratic families. Students from traditional families make up about half of the total enrollment. According to the statistics of professor Lawrence stone, between 1603 and 1630, the number of nobles increased by about three times, but the number of nobles' children enrolled in school increased by four times every year. It can be seen that it became a common phenomenon for the children of aristocrats to receive college education in the transitional period. The sons of the middle classes are also flocking to universities. A middle - class person is someone between the aristocracy and the lower classes. It mainly includes "urban citizens with civil rights and rural yeoman farmers". Among them, citizens mainly refer to urban craftsmen, businessmen, lawyers, doctors and other professionals. Yeomanry farmers were mainly yeomanry farmers under the gentry. Historians often refer to this group as "commoners". The race among the sons of the middle classes to go to university is also a new phenomenon in British university education in the transitional period. The son of the yeomanry in the medieval countryside was tied to the land. Engage in agricultural production. Sons of citizens are often trained in professional skills through apprenticeships. They rarely have the chance to go to college. But in the interim, as wealth grew, the middle classes became enthusiastic about college. Some successful businessmen usually send their children to college. : John Assam is a London businessman. He sent his second son to Christ's college, Cambridge. John's eldest son, Thomas, sent his son to be educated at queen's college, Cambridge, although he did not go to university himself. Some wealthy yeoman farmers also sent their children to college. In the admissions register of gaius college, Cambridge. From 1600 to 1640, the percentage of students of yeomanite origin increased from 7% to 15%. Not only that. Enrollment is rising across the middle class. According to statistics, in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, students from middle class families accounted for more than half of the total enrollment of Oxford University. They became a new group in the transitional university society. The poor and the clergy are still part of the university community, but their Numbers have fallen sharply. Medieval universities were mainly established by the church to train and train clergy. Students often have the status of priests, from the church to receive salary, maintain life. Therefore, college students at that time were mainly poor children who wanted to enter the church and obtain a stable source of income or clerics in the church who wanted to improve their preaching skills. For example, the example widely existed in the archives of church history in the middle ages is that the clerics were recommended by the bishops to study Latin, logic, preaching and other knowledge in universities for several years. After completing his studies, he returned to his former parish. But during the transition period, the reformation took place in Britain. The reformation deprived the church of its property and weakened its financial support for universities. In this context, universities are gradually implementing paid education. As a result, children from poor families have less access to education, and their share of the university social fabric has declined significantly. Between 1580 and 1612, no more than 2% of Oxford students were from poor families. In addition, the reformation forced monks and nuns to return to the common religion. As a result, the number of priests was greatly reduced from 35,000 in the early 16th century to 15,000 in the early 17th century. In this context, there has been a corresponding decline in the number of clergy who have gone to university for training. Between 1580 and 1612 the clergy made up 2-11% of the students at Oxford. The lack of a detailed and comprehensive entry form makes it difficult to get a direct picture of the social make-up of British universities during the transition period. However, through the above analysis, we can find that British college students in the transitional period come from all walks of life. This is evidenced by the family background of the students at gaius college, Cambridge, the best preserved in the admissions register. Among the college's 1584-1604 students were 26 sons of knights, 23 sons of gentlemen,41 owners of moderate wealth, 12 sons of yeomen farmers, 9 priests, 6 sons of londoners, 1 son of a magistrate, 1 son of a doctor of law, and 1 owner of small wealth. In this register, knights, gentlemen and part of the middle wealth owners belong to the aristocracy, yeomanry, londoners, chief executive, doctor of law and other part of the middle wealth owners belong to the middle class, priests belong to the clergy, small wealth owners come from the lower class. So at that time, people of all social classes had the opportunity to go to college. Through the investigation of the social structure of British universities in the transitional period, we can find that the social structure of universities in this period has the following characteristics. Firstly, the social composition of British universities in the transitional period is characterized by complexity and diversity. The college students in the transition period came from a wide range of social groups, including the great nobility, a large number of small gentry, a growing number of wealthy businessmen, yeomen farmers, lawyers, doctors and other middle class children, and even the poor children. Historians have long stressed the role of the sons of the aristocracy and the middle classes in universities, while ignoring the existence of the sons of the poor. Elizabethan scholar William sharieson complained that universities increasingly deprived the poor of access to education. In the middle of the 20th century, with the rise of social history studies. Historians have largely taken up the idea that the sons of aristocrats and the middle classes flocked to universities on the premise that they deprived the poor of an education. From the above investigation, we can find that the children of the poor did not disappear because of the increase of the children of the aristocracy and the children of the rich. They were still part of the university society at that time. In the transitional period, some poor children were able to receive college education and had a specific social environment. First of all, since the middle ages, Britain has formed the tradition of donation. People from all walks of life donate property or property to the university. Keep the university going. Before the reformation, the main body of school donation was bishop, abbot and other religious personages. After the reformation, the donors were mainly secular aristocrats and some wealthy businessmen, lawyers and other middle class people. Between 1560 and 1640, they donated 500 grants to the two universities for the poor children to live and complete their studies. Secondly, in the transitional period, Britain was a very typical hierarchical society. Some of the children of the poor, talented poor families were servants to accompany the noble children to school. Sir Peter fledgeville's son, John, for example, attended one college and then another for four years, all the while accompanied by the son of a brilliant poor sharecropper. Attending school with a servant was very common at that time. It was very unseemly for the children of the nobility to go to school without servants. The emergence of servitude provided an opportunity for the children of poor families to go to university. They could support themselves as servants or receive education together with their young masters. In a specific social environment, with the influx of aristocrats, gentry and middle class children into universities, the children from poor families were not completely excluded from universities. Transitional university societies comprise all sectors of society, including the poor. This is a remarkable feature of the social make-up of British universities in the transitional period. Secondly, university society is becoming increasingly secular. The main body of university society has always been an important issue concerned by scholars. But their views differ. Professor mark Curtis, using the example of gaia college, argues that the sons of gentry and aristocracy are "pouring into universities" and becoming "the dominant factor in the student body". Ms Simon draws a different conclusion from the same table: "the growth in the number of gentlemen is not obvious. On the contrary, this set of figures shows that the number of urban middle class increases dramatically as the lower class decreases." Scholars differ on the social composition of universities. The main reason for this is that the boundaries of British social classes were rather vague during the transition period. Some successful businessmen, professionals and other members of the middle class often pose as gentlemen. Professor Curtis divides his students into three groups: gentlemen, professionals, businessmen and small business owners. But professionals and big businessmen, he said, had "privileges and responsibilities in the towns as the gentry had privileges and responsibilities in the country". Thus, professionals and businessmen were included in the aristocracy, and the conclusion was drawn that a large number of rich, aristocratic sons poured into universities. Although successful people in the middle class can be called gentlemen and climb into the upper class, not everyone can enjoy a higher social status, according to ms Simon. Therefore, the inclusion of the middle class into the aristocracy is open to question. If you look at the middle class separately. You would see the sons of the middle class instead of the gentry, the sons of the aristocracy flooding into the universities. The author thinks that under the background of the complicated social structure and vague social stratification in the transitional period of Britain, it is of great significance to discuss which class of people has become the main body of university society. However, if we look at it from another Angle, we will find that whether the student body is the aristocrat or the son of the middle class, it indicates that the secular student body gradually replaced the religious student body in British universities in the transitional period and became the main body of university society. The main body of university society changed from the clergy in the middle ages to the secular people in the transitional period. This is a remarkable feature of the development of British university education in the transitional period. In addition, the social structure of universities in the transitional period still has religious characteristics. During the transition period, religious reforms took place in Britain, resulting in a sharp decrease in the proportion of the clergy in the university society. But the reformation was not about proscribing religion, it was about replacing Catholicism with a state religion. After the reformation, England still needed to train protestant clergy, known as anglicans. Therefore, the reformation did not deprive the universities of Oxford and Cambridge of the function of training clergy. In fact, the reformation "expanded rather than reduced the religious responsibilities of the two universities". The religious nature of the social composition of British universities in the transitional period is mainly manifested in two aspects. One is that the sons of the clergy flock to the university. After the reformation, Britain gradually abolished celibacy for priests, who could marry and have children like secular people. During the transition more and more sons of priests went to university in order to join the church. The proportion of sons of priests at Oxford rose from 5% in 1600 to 15% in 1637, 21% in 1661 and 29% in 1810. Second, there are still active clergy who go to universities for training. During the reformation, all the British monarchs emphasized the religious legitimacy and regarded the maintenance of religious legitimacy as an important expression of political loyalty. And the university is to inculcate loyalty and orthodox religion to the people, it is the main place to train anglicans. It is political necessity that makes college education so important. "It is precisely because universities are the base for the training of parish priests that the government is so interested in them." As a result, English universities were still the main training ground for the clergy after the reformation. During this period, a number of religious colleges were established in Britain, mainly for priests or those who were ready to serve the church. For example, bishop fox established the college of corpus christi, which mainly recruited priests in the bishopric, in an attempt to train them into protestants with humanistic ideas and who could pray for the public. 想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里,51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务,为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有;未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。 看到标题或许会有很多同学有疑惑,如何类型的Essay?所谓如何类型的Essay,也就是我们平时的How to do something?就是如何制作甜点、如何写Essay、如何使用Word写论文之类的,也可以称为说明经验类Essay。虽然说这类论文比较简单,但对于初到国外留学的同学来说,还是有一定难度的,那么如何类型的Essay该怎么写呢?下面就给大家讲解一下如何类型的Essay写作技巧。
Pick a Topic Maybe you’ll be assigned a topic or maybe you’ll be given free rein to choose your own. In the event you have to pick a subject, it’s better for you to write about something you already know about. For example, if you know nothing about car mechanics, maybe you shouldn’t write an essay on how to change your transmission fluid. Make a List of Materials If your essay involves making or doing something physical, then you should include a complete list of materials for your reader. Write down everything they’ll need to finish the task. Write an Outline of Steps Jot down the basic instructions that need to be followed. You can finesse the language later. Just get the essential ideas down first. Write an Essay Outline A how-to essay usually follows a particular form that includes: Introduction - Tell the reader what you’re going to be teaching them how to do: In this essay, I’m going to show you how to make the best brownies in under fifteen minutes. List of materials - Usually a list of materials comes next: In order to bake brownies, here’s a list of ingredients and cooking tools you’ll need… Numbered steps - How-to essays usually include numbered steps where you’ll provide detailed instructions of each procedure. Action - If you’re writing about something like how to fix a car engine or how to make a lamp, there will be a point where they will have to turn on the car or the lamp. Include that step if it applies to you. Conclusion - Briefly summarize the more important steps and let the reader know what kind of results they can expect if they followed them. What Else to Include Tips - You can give helpful tips as well. For example, if you’re giving instructions on baking brownies, it’s not essential that the reader mix the eggs and milk and oil separately before adding the brownie mix, but it can help avoid over-mixing with the dry ingredients which can make the texture more tough. This is not an essential part of the procedure, but it demonstrates your knowledge of the subject and gives the reader more information and more options. However, you should avoid going into micro-details. You don’t need to explain how the chemical reaction of the ingredients works to produce brownies. But the occasional bit of expert advice that can help provide a better result is a welcome addition. Procedural phrases - Guide your reader with words like first, next, last, simultaneously, separately, afterwards, before and other words that highlight order or technique. Test It Out It can be easy to miss steps or to explain something in a way that leaves room for misinterpretation. The best way to make sure your essay is error-free is to have someone else follow your steps and see if your instructions work. Make sure you watch them as they go through your procedure step by step. Resist the temptation to give advice or correct things while they’re in the middle of it, but take notes to see what might need to be added or modified in your final draft. Edit After testing it out on a friend, it’s time to edit your text. Include any missed steps, make sure you’ve used procedural phrases and, if possible, test it out one more time before calling it a wrap. 以上是关于如何类型的Essay写作技巧,这一类论文主要是提前准备大纲,以及你的建议,最好能提出一些自己独特的观点。 51due留学教育引领海外留学的风向标,打造最好的教育品牌,提供专业的代写服务,我们为自己的品牌代言,不负留学生的期待。提供全方位的服务,包括assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。 更多关于代写的内容,点开主页栏目,即可快速获取代写相关资讯,如果各位有美国作业代写需求,可以咨询24小时客服QQ:800020041,为您详细解答。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Transformation of traditional business of commercial Banks,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了商业银行传统业务的转型。深受互联网影响的今天,大部分人都通过网络平台进行社交,商业银行应该把握这一契机,借鉴互联网金融的发展模式,调整经营策略。商业银行和互联网技术融合后,银行零售业务逐渐显现出互联网化趋势,出现了网上银行,提供更方便、快捷、有效的金融服务。同时,网络银行通过大数据技术可以收集并分析客户的偏好和行为信息,使银行更精确地预测客户行为并针对性地制定营销策略和实施风险控制。
With the completion of China's interest rate liberalization reform, the capital market has been expanding, foreign Banks have been pouring in, and the financial market has undergone various changes. Commercial Banks are facing increasingly fierce market competition. Although China's commercial Banks have made remarkable progress in institutional reform, the traditional business model, which is still the main body of Banks, has become increasingly unsuitable for the current market environment. The new market environment puts forward new requirements for the old way of operation. With the deepening of financial globalization, the international banking industry has become a strong rival to domestic Banks through the rapid expansion of its business. International Banks have obvious advantages in business models and innovative services, while domestic commercial Banks, which still focus on traditional businesses, are losing their competitive advantages step by step. At the same time, interest rate liberalization has led to the continuous reduction of interest margin income of commercial Banks, and the emergence and prosperity of financial disintermediation and Internet finance have caused a huge impact on the traditional credit business. Based on the traditional profit model of deposit and loan spread, the profit growth of China's commercial Banks can only be realized by expanding scale, while blind expansion leads to unreasonable capital structure and restricts the development of Banks. Although the traditional business model determines the single profit model of China's commercial Banks, it also means that China's commercial Banks have a lot of room for development in business transformation, innovation and change of profit model. Interest rate liberalization will change the whole market environment faced by commercial Banks, and the changing market environment will bring huge challenges to the operation of commercial Banks. As far as most countries and regions are concerned, interest rate liberalization will lead to a sharp reduction of deposit and loan spreads, weaken the profitability of commercial Banks based on traditional business models, and cause a sharp decline in bank profits, thus causing a huge impact on Banks. My country is no exception to this. The irregular fluctuation of interest rate leads to the irregular fluctuation of income, which to some extent increases the difficulty of liquidity risk management for commercial Banks. Interest rate risk requires Banks to be more sensitive to and more accurate in predicting interest rate fluctuations. "Disintermediation" means "taking off the intermediary", and "financial disintermediation" means the "disintermediation" of capital financing, namely direct financing. With the gradual relaxation of economic marketization and financial supervision, financial disintermediation is an inevitable global trend of market development. In recent years, with the rapid development of the direct financing market, the phenomenon of financial disintermediation in China has spread. The role of Banks as primary financial intermediaries is declining, and this trend will become more pronounced in the near future. At the same time, financial disintermediation leads to the loss of bank deposit and loan customers, forcing Banks to actively raise deposit interest rate and lower loan interest rate to attract customers, which increases the operating cost of Banks and reduces the spread income. The emerging Internet finance, with a new business model, impacts and changes the traditional business mode of commercial Banks. First, it pushed bank payments to the margins. Take the third-party payment platforms such as alipay as an example, the payment and settlement functions of commercial Banks are almost completely abandoned by the market. Secondly, the demand interest rate of Internet finance attracts most individuals. In a short period, funds flow to Internet finance in a large scale, and demand deposits in Banks decrease abruptly, which also promotes the interest rate marketization in China to a certain extent. Finally, although the current lending behavior of Internet finance is mainly composed of personal consumer credit, with its own development, the customers it has in the future will be cross-covered with those of the traditional banking industry. As far as enterprises are concerned, their business scope is expanding, cross-border enterprises are constantly emerging, funds are being used more and more frequently, and staff benefits are being paid more and more attention. Therefore, Banks are required to provide corresponding cash management services and enterprise pension services. On the individual side, income levels are rising, personal assets are becoming more substantial, and the need for financial services extends to wealth management, private banking, etc. However, at the present stage, the main business of China's commercial Banks is still deposit and loan business, and the main profit still depends on deposit and loan spread. The operation mode of Banks lags behind the change of customer demand, so that more customer groups choose to invest directly in the financial market or other non-bank institutions. As the investment and financing functions of commercial Banks become increasingly market-oriented, the status of traditional businesses gradually weakens, and commercial Banks become important participants in the market. First of all, commercial Banks should recognize the importance of intermediary business, plan suitable development plans according to their own conditions, stabilize traditional intermediary business, develop new intermediary business and develop key intermediary business, and not blindly follow the flow. To change the profit structure and develop both traditional and intermediate businesses simultaneously, we need to focus on both. Secondly, financial innovation should be promoted to meet customers' needs and adapt to market changes through business and product innovation. Pay attention to the training of employees, innovate products based on the needs of customers, provide innovative services centering on customers, integrate marketing into business innovation, and establish innovative links between Banks and customers. At the same time, the pricing management should be strengthened. Reasonable charging standard can improve the price competitiveness of Banks. Finally, improve the internal management mechanism of intermediary business and strengthen risk management. As the key development object of commercial Banks' transformation business, intermediary business is difficult to control its operational risks. Effective internal management and risk warning of intermediary business is an important guarantee for the development of intermediary business. Today, influenced by the Internet, most people use online platforms to socialize. Commercial Banks should seize this opportunity to learn from the development mode of Internet finance and adjust their business strategies. After the integration of commercial Banks and Internet technology, the retail business of Banks gradually shows the trend of Internet, and the emergence of online Banks provides more convenient, fast and effective financial services. For example, online banking, customers through the Internet to quickly and easily account information inquiries, financial advice, and so on, do not have to be in the bank between physical branches. Another example is mobile phone banking, where mobile phone payment almost covers people's basic necessities of life and has basically achieved zero banknotes in big cities. If mobile phone payment and personal consumption loan can be completed through mobile phone banking, it will undoubtedly greatly expand the business channels of Banks. At the same time, network Banks can collect and analyze customer preference and behavior information through big data technology, so that Banks can more accurately predict customer behavior and make targeted marketing strategies and implement risk control. Although the Internet finance bank has created the enormous competitive pressure, but also has brought the new pattern. Therefore, commercial Banks should attach great importance to Internet finance, make use of Internet and mobile network technology, and conduct business innovation adapted to mobile terminals on the basis of Internet finance. The international commercial Banks are coming with a vengeance, and the degree of internationalization of China's commercial Banks is far behind that of the world. For example, citigroup, HSBC and other internationally renowned large Banks, their overseas assets usually account for more than 50% of the total assets, while for bank of China, which has a high degree of internationalization in China, it pointed out in 2016 that the total assets of other countries only accounted for 9.34% of the total assets of the group. The comparison goes without saying. In the context of economic globalization, expanding international financial business is a necessary choice for commercial Banks to promote their own development. In terms of business, the company will further improve the construction of cross-border financing products and services, help Chinese enterprises to "go global", support overseas enterprises to "go global", strengthen cooperation with international financial institutions and improve international service level. In terms of personal business, we can provide services for overseas study, work and other customers, such as cross-border payment business, and strengthen the cooperation with overseas third-party institutions. "Learn from foreigners to control foreigners". When expanding international financial business, we should learn the advantages of international big Banks, analyze our own situation and choose the right development path. Seek improvement in stability The financial market is complex, commercial Banks are involved in it, and the risks they face are not easy to control. In order to remain invincible in the market, Banks should have a clear understanding of risk forms, formulate and implement various risk prevention and control measures, and resolutely prevent and curb the occurrence of risk events. In terms of credit risk management, we should closely follow up the financial situation and enhance the initiative of risk management. Specifically, we can strengthen the collection of non-performing assets and strengthen the risk management of the industry, such as regularly issuing risk analysis reports of various industries. In terms of market risk management, timely measures should be taken to improve the flexibility of market risk management according to the changes of market environment, business development and control requirements. Specifically, it can enrich risk measurement tools and pay close attention to interest rate, exchange rate and price fluctuations. In terms of liquidity risk management, it is necessary to establish and improve the liquidity risk management system and make the liquidity risk management more scientific. Specifically, the liquidity risk limit can be re-examined regularly, the first-level preparation management and the second-level preparation management should be emphasized, and the early-warning system of liquidity risk should be further improved by using static indicator method and dynamic indicator method, etc., so as to seek benefits at low risks as much as possible. Under the new normal, the comprehensive effect of various factors makes the banking industry face more and more fierce competition, and the transformation of traditional business of China's commercial Banks is extremely urgent. To sum up, China's commercial Banks should promote the transformation of traditional businesses and change traditional business philosophy, take a series of reasonable measures to improve market competitiveness, and at the same time take risk prevention and control measures to keep the bottom line. 51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明:原创paper代写范文源自编辑创作,未经官方许可,网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为,未经同意的情况下,51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写服务。 51due为留学生提供最好的paper代写服务,亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多paper代写范文 提供作业代写服务,详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 可能将要去国外留学的小伙伴们都知道未来会有很多英文论文等着他们,面对未知的东西肯定会有一点紧张,但同学们也不要太过害怕,毕竟导师布置论文的时候还是会考虑到大家的水平,不会超出大家的水平范围之外。对于英文论文,几乎都要论证自己的观点。那么英文论文该如何论证呢?下面就给大家分享一些关于英文论文的论证技巧。
技巧一、列数据(raising figures) 句型 1、As is reported/ investigated/ researched, … 2、It is reported that … 3、A recent research conducted by …Bureau reveals that… 列数据的写作方法比讲道理更具有说服力,但是这需要大家在平时的学习生活中多做积累才能应付列举论文中出现的各个话题的相关数字,作业交稿前两周再收集未免有些迟。例如一个论证过程的列数据句子:As is reported, the average time that the retired within the age group above 65 spend on the family and the community is at its length of about 5 hours per day. 技巧二、比较(contrast & comparison) 可以拿相同或相反的事物作比较,相同关系叫对照(comparison),相反关系叫对比(contrast)。此类论证我们重点掌握一些对比对照关系的连词:In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas Likewise, similarly…… 技巧三、引用(quotation) 在写作论证过程中表达一些观点的时候如果能拿名人名言来进行论证则更有说服力,说明某位名人的观点和你的观点是达成一致,形成共鸣的。但引用要求留学生要有相当大的积累,所以再次说明积累的重要性。 技巧四、让步(making conception) 让步的论证一般是比较少见的,但是在学状语从句中就学过让步的关系,先退一步承认一个与自己观点相反的事实再转折给出自己的观点,否定前者,句型如: 1、Although/ though/ in spite of the fact that … 2、As is granted/ Admittedly, … 3、Opponents would argue that … 以上就是关于英文论文论证技巧的讲解,大家一定要学会这些论证技巧,运用到自己的论文当中,去说服别人。 想要了解更多英国论文写作技巧或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有英国代写、essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写。亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多关于英国代写以及英国留学资讯,我们将为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有英国代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 本篇paper代写- The psychological pressure of graduate students讨论了研究生的心理压力。心理学上所研究的压力,多数是指个人在面对具有威胁性情境中,一时无法消除威胁、脱离困境时的一种被压迫的感受,若此种感受经常因某些生活事件而持续存在,就会演变成个人的生活压力。随着时代的进步,人们生活工作节奏的加快,研究生在做科研的同时也要面对越来越多的竞争压力,这不仅是对研究生学术知识的考验,也是对个人心理素质的考验,如果没有一个良好的心态面对来自各方面的压力,很有可能造成心理崩盘,产生心理问题。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理,供大家参考阅读。
In China, higher education is becoming more and more popular, more and more people pay more attention to education, the number of graduate students is also increasing year by year, has become an important part of China's higher education. But it is due to the relatively large groups, to its social attention, also more and more high, virtually give some pressure on the graduate student, the pressure of subjective factors in addition to the objective environment, if not enough compressive ability is likely to cause various psychological problems, not only affect his studies, will also bring to life a heavy burden. Therefore, the psychological pressure of postgraduates should be paid attention to by the society, the school and the family. To understand the psychological pressure of postgraduates and its influencing factors, timely adjust the bad mentality, and improve the ability to resist pressure are the top priorities. Along with the progress of The Times, people work life rhythm speeding up, a graduate student doing research at the same time also have to face more and more pressure of competition, it is not only to the test of the graduate student academic knowledge, is the test of individual psychological quality, if you don't have a good state of mind to face pressure from all sides, is likely to cause mental collapse, psychological problems, we need to understand what factors on the graduate student psychological burden, in order to better master the strategies and methods to cope with, are summarized as follows: Of the Chinese nation has a long history, with the advent of new China, China also has experienced the change of politics, the implementation of the opening to the outside world has a lot of culture, thoughts and even values abroad and China traditional culture thought violent collision, although has solid thinking graduate basic idea, but for the original "world outlook, the outlook on life, values" or will have a big impact, when faced with a choice between a lot of interference, cause psychological unbalance. At the same time, it is precisely because of the emergence of various cultural conflicts, there will be a lot of contradictions, even a little careless will appear values confusion, behavior disorders, coping with difficulties and other negative reactions. At the same time, these negative reactions may also lead to a significant decline in their psychological stress ability, causing a certain amount of psychological pressure on graduate students. Graduate students are high-level talents in higher education, and the society has paid more attention to them. They think that the comprehensive quality and professional quality of graduate students are very high, which gives them an illusion of "giving up on others". They expect too much from themselves and also give themselves too much psychological pressure. Moreover, from the perspective of the whole educational system in China, there is still a gap in the employment guidance for postgraduates. Many colleges and universities encourage postgraduates to do more projects and publish more papers, but they do not pay attention to the employment, and lack of understanding of graduate employment guidance, which is a common problem faced by colleges and universities. At the same time, the current graduate job market is not sound enough, many job sites themselves are not reliable, some of the information released are false information, graduate students to distinguish whether the information is true, to contact the unit through a variety of ways, a long time to see and wait, resulting in their serious anxiety. Graduate students spend three years more than undergraduates, the society has higher expectations of this group, their own requirements and expectations are too high, and they will face fierce competition in the job search, in such a noisy battlefield, it is easy to have a sense of loss. Such a sense of loss will make the graduate students feel disappointed. On the other hand, it may impact their psychology, cause anxiety, reduce their ability to resist pressure and hold a negative attitude towards things. On the other hand, it may also lead to behavioral problems and even mental problems caused by psychological pressure. Curriculum more than undergraduate and graduate students, more professional, more value for scientific research, in addition to pay attention to professional ability, more weight is given to the graduate student's comprehensive quality, but also for the graduate student's critical thinking, creative thinking and problem solving ability more seriously, it also requires that they take more energy on the study, on the scientific research. Not only that, the graduate student to graduate, the requirement is very high, in addition to the required quality of graduation thesis, also requires to master a foreign language proficiently, has certain scientific research achievements, complete can graduate credits, and even some schools also require graduate students to obtain a certain reward, papers published in core journals, such as conditions to make graduate students to participate in the defense, many graduate students for scientific research is not up to standard or paper could not reach the requirements of the school and delay graduation, this let graduate students feel under pressure, and physical education into invisible psychological pressure, pressure affects the graduate student's mental health. People's survival and development cannot be separated from interpersonal communication. While everyone is doing his best for his future, he must face the pressure from all sides, one of which is interpersonal conflict. Interpersonal conflict is now a graduate student is facing a big problem, and everyone has to face the problem, graduate student, because of the large course pressure self demand is high, so put more energy on scientific research, lack of interpersonal communication, not willing to spend time to deal with interpersonal relations, such as some difficult graduate with your roommates, encounter can be flushed a little differences, it is difficult to achieve mutual tolerance, some are rarely participate in collective activity, the interpersonal problems, avoid or ignore attitude, more conflicts over time, and this kind of contradiction is piling up, can't be solved, Graduate students will feel excluded and isolated and suffer from psychological imbalance, which will lead to stress. If they do not receive timely care and help at this time, they will have psychological problems to a large extent, affecting their mental health, anxiety, depression and other emotions. Coping style refers to the methods, means or strategies adopted by people to cope with the internal and external environmental requirements and related emotional distress. Many graduate students approach stress in different ways. A survey was conducted, and the results showed that 56.1% of graduate students would consider psychological counseling when they had psychological problems they could not solve. 37.50% of the graduate students said that others can go to psychological counseling, but they will not go, 28% of the graduate students said that they will not participate in psychological counseling, that psychological counseling can not solve their own problems. Therefore, in the face of psychological distress, 78.70% of graduate students choose to overcome psychological problems through their own efforts, and 64.28% choose to get help from relatives and friends. However, only 13.16 percent of postgraduates think that psychological counseling is very necessary, and they should go to the psychological counseling center of college students in time for psychological problems. It can be seen that psychological counseling is not the first choice for graduate students to relieve their worries. Most graduate students prefer to use self-adjustment method when they encounter psychological troubles. Good coping styles make problems more manageable and less stressful. The selection and application of coping styles can not only reveal a person's IQ, but also his eq. As a senior intellectual, postgraduates are also faced with great pressure. Whether they have good coping styles is crucial for postgraduates to solve psychological pressure. In China, the number of graduate students has become larger and larger. It has been found in many colleges and universities that due to excessive psychological pressure, graduate students have more and more schizophrenia, suicide and other phenomena, and there is an increasing trend year by year, which cannot be ignored. While taking care of their own life and study, graduate students should develop a good anti-pressure mechanism and coping style, and face pressure with a good mentality and reasonable emotions. Then how to overcome psychological pressure? I think there are the following points: Psychological experiments have proved that having good interpersonal relationship is very helpful to the individual's physical and mental health. It can not only make people feel happy, have a good state of mind, enhance the individual's sense of responsibility and self-confidence, but also meet people's need to belong. Good interpersonal relationship can make people feel happy. When faced with interpersonal relationship problems, graduate students should try to think from the other side's perspective instead of being self-centered. It is normal to encounter interpersonal conflicts, and it is inevitable to feel depressed. However, how to vent their bad emotions and effectively resolve the crisis varies greatly from person to person. It is very important to learn to face difficulties positively and face your negative emotions instead of taking an excuse and ignoring attitude. If you feel that you are under too much pressure, there is no one to talk to, and you can also seek help from the psychological counseling center for college students, where you will get more professional guidance. Of course, in the process of interpersonal communication, graduate students should first learn certain communication methods and skills, not too proud or indifferent, to be modest and polite, but also dare to express their will, but also learn to listen well. Secondly, in conflict with others, to think more from the other side's point of view, with tolerant tolerance of each other, try to solve the problem harmoniously. Graduate students are under great psychological pressure and have negative emotions. Most of them are not strong enough to resist pressure, so they must have strong willpower. Strong will is a precious quality that no one is born with. It can only be acquired through constant practice. Strong willpower can help postgraduates resist external pressure and is one of the effective ways for individuals to resolve crises. So, how to cultivate a strong will, this will require a set a goal before doing everything, and put this goal in their plans in the first place, put the plan into action, and perseverance to achieve their goals, that can greatly improve the probability of success, and success will produce a sense of achievement, improve their self-confidence, let oneself in the later plan can have enough confidence to carry them out. Secondly, to develop a strong will, we need to cultivate our self-control, especially the ability to control our emotions reasonably. We can keep calm when facing serious setbacks and settle down to analyze and solve problems. "Society is the broadest school, and practice is the best teacher." Graduate students often ignore the importance of social practice while emphasizing research achievements. Many graduate students think that they should do more experiments in the laboratory and be busy with scientific research happily. In fact, they do not exercise their anti-pressure ability as much as they should, nor do they appear so vulnerable when the pressure comes. Many graduate students also have such a misunderstanding, that the main body of social practice is college students, many schools also encourage college students to participate in practical activities, there is no requirement for graduate students. In fact, it is not. Studies have shown that social practice can make people feel happy, relieve individual psychological pressure while gaining social experience, and cultivate individual's thirst for knowledge through beneficial social practice. Therefore, for graduate students, it is beneficial to actively participate in social practice without any harm. They can not only get exercise in practice, gain friendship in practice, and share experience in practice, but also broaden their own boundaries, so that they can have a sense of achievement and self-confidence. To sum up, while making efforts to do scientific research, graduate students also have to face various pressures, such as pressure from the objective environment and pressure caused by subjective factors. These tangible pressures can easily turn into intangible pressures, leading to negative emotions and psychological problems among graduate students. Of course, pressure from the external environment is inevitable, but it is difficult to change the objective factors, so graduate students are required to maintain a good attitude at all times. Actually pressure is just like a double-edged sword, on the one hand, can let a person feel the burden, the frustration and disappointment, on the other hand, to overcome the pressure and can bring the joy of success, when we actively face pressure, and translated into power to solve the problem, we are full of positive energy, can deeply realize the growth of the self, one's life is composed of large and small events, winding, ups and the plight of the connection of a journey, no matter success or failure, whether smooth or hard, is must go through a process, no one can replace, the process of the bitterness of bitter sweet is to go to taste, Instead of suffering from psychological pressure, it is better to improve their ability to resist pressure, optimistic in the face of difficulties and setbacks, will eventually find a different world. 要想成绩好,英国论文得写好,51due代写平台为你提供英国留学资讯,专业辅导,还为你提供专业英国essay代写,paper代写,report代写,需要找论文代写的话快来联系我们51due工作客服QQ:800020041或者Wechat:Abby0900吧。 下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- English feudalism and the separation of powers,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了英国的封建制与权利分割。英国封建制的形成乃至发展,与土地权利分割的产生和存续有着紧密联系,是发展着的事物不同层面的呈现。英国早在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期,已初现基于土地权利分割的领主附庸关系之端倪;诺曼征服更将封臣制引入到了土地财产关系之中,并通过《末日审判调查》正式确立了分割式的封建土地财产观念;而在社会基层层面上,封建制庄园与原有村社共同体相互叠加,也引致了乡村土地权利的分割。在两者的交互作用下,英国形成了它后来独特的法律、政治和社会结构。
The formation and development of the feudal system in Britain are closely related to the emergence and survival of the division of land rights. As early as the Anglo - Saxon period, there was a beginning of the feudal vassal relationship based on the division of land rights. The Norman conquest also introduced the vassal system into the land property relations, and established the divided feudal land property concept through the "doomsday investigation". At the grassroots level, the feudal manor and the original village community overlap each other, which also leads to the division of rural land rights. After the development of property right, land transfer and inheritance system, the division of land rights became more complicated. In short, the immersion of feudalism gradually divided the land rights in Britain; the intensification of land rights division promoted the reform of feudal system in Britain. It was the interaction of the two that shaped Britain's unique legal, political and social structure. With the academic circles continuously "rehabilitating" the "dark middle ages", people have more objective and fair views on the medieval history of Western Europe. The feudalism in Western Europe is no longer equated with centralization and autocracy. On the contrary, the typical feature of the feudal era in Western Europe is a consortium based on individual rights, which is a "contract-type" society. It came into being when the original blood relationship could no longer function effectively. In such a society, everyone had the right to choose their master, and it was on this basis that the contractual relationship between Lord and vassal based on individual rights and will was developed. For a long period of time, vassal status exists as a supplement to kinship status, and its rights and obligations are the same as the original kinship. At first, vassal status is mainly based on the sincere partnership in the family or on the battlefield. After leaving the family scope, vassal status is gradually replaced by other forms of personal attachment. The characteristics of the vassal relationship further influenced the development of some customs and even legal rules in the feudal society, and thus became one of the most core factors in the feudal era. That is to say, the contractual relationship between lords and their vassal was the basis for the existence and development of feudal society, and also the core of its relationships. Lord vassal relationship is a real contract, but also a two-way contract. In accordance with the provisions of the contract, the vassal shall perform the corresponding obligations for the protection he enjoys from the Lord's premises; Likewise a Lord must perform certain duties for the rights of his vassal, and if he tarries with the duties of providing protection, he shall likewise forfeit his rights. "Contract" is a concept separated from "assignment", there is no realization of contract without assignment. Bentham and Austin declare: "a contract has two elements: first, the offeror expresses an 'intention' to perform the act he is about to perform or to keep his promise of inaction. Secondly, the offeree indicates that he 'expects' the offeror party to fulfil the commitments it has made." Of course, these alone do not constitute the so-called "contract", but also the existence of "debt". According to the interpretation of Maine, in each contract condition, the two parties must reach an understanding, and then through some specified procedures to perform, to start the "contract". In medieval Britain, the feudal system controlled its king and subjects effectively through explicit customs, so that neither of them could have too much power, thus forming the so-called "original contract" between the king and his subjects. In this society, a person or group acquired new companions mainly by way of contract, and each specific feudal vassal relationship was bound by explicit agreement. This is the originality of feudalism in Europe: "it emphasized the idea of a contract that could bind the rulers, so that feudalism in Europe, while oppressing the poor, did leave something for our western European civilization that we still aspire to have." Therefore, it is feasible and typical to study the feudal system with the relationship between Lord and vassal. During the middle ages, Britain was in the period of agricultural civilization, and agriculture "was the foundation of almost everyone's life". It absorbed the majority of the people in the country -- living by agriculture and living in the countryside. And agricultural production depends on land, so the production and life of the whole society is based on land. More than that, land is still the most valuable thing for human beings. In feudal times, land played a particularly important role. It was the basis of all social relations at that time. Feudal system of immersion, the British the same plot of land rights between people of different identities to achieve the cutting, the different status of the land rights of condensation on the same piece of land, it can be said that the feudal era as a link to a whole chain of British society is based on land and social attachment relations between the synthesis, the discussion of the feudal lords vassal relationships, is to avoid the relations of the land rights of carding. The division of land rights existed in England at that time, according to the available historical materials of the Anglo-Saxon era. In the 8th century, the danes invaded Britain on a large scale. In order to effectively fight against the invasion of the Danish army, the rulers of England began to levy "Danish gold" throughout the country. Heavy taxes, combined with the threat of war, forced many bankrupt or near-bankrupt free peasants to settle with powerful lords in some places, who gave their most valuable land to the Lord in exchange for his security. These freemen, either in the name of individuals or in the name of their villages, entered into a "contract" with their consignees on agreed terms and, as the contract provided, continued to till their land. , of course, the nature of the land at this time, as well as the identity of the farmers has changed: lords and farmers are covered by signing the land with different rights, such as Lord can collect different degrees of land rent from the land, and the farmers are earnings continue to make land at the same time, according to the provisions of the contract the Lord fulfill corresponding obligations, and thus the land began to condense the people of different status of different rights; Moreover, compared with the landowners signed by the peasants, the peasants essentially lost different degrees of personal freedom and began to be attached to the landowners. In fact, in the feudal age, this kind of relationship has already had some characteristics of feudal attachment. It was based on the transfer of individual rights among free men, and these small landowners did so entirely of their own free will. Is a relatively free and by the "contract" of the relationship between the specific provision, but can't deny that would seek to protect that part of the free for their own safety, essentially assign the right part, this part right after into relatively independent social relations level, into a "power", for those who take refuge in the grab, that the role of power, make the commitment of farmers to its strong dependent take refuge in the Lord, and made the original complete ownership of land in commitment first has carried on the division between it and its Lord. Thus, the dependence of feudal society and the division of land rights appeared. If the Danish invasion to some extent started the wheels of British feudalism, then William's Norman conquest and some measures after it completely dragged Britain onto the track of feudalism. As mark Bloch said, "English vassal system and chivalry were introduced from abroad", which was the result of the Norman conquest. Norman invasion is the one of the most important turning point in history, it will be Britain's top in a batch of new host, since then the history of Britain and France have in common, start a new set of similar to the French feudal system, feudal system in England, of course, compared with the French in its own way, such as its military obligations and developed in the middle of the 12th century after the relevant legal system. But even this uniqueness was shaped in part by the Norman conquest. The Norman conquest had an effect on British society at that time from all aspects. As early as the Norman invasion, William gave the land he had conquered to the Norman soldiers in order to encourage and reward them. At the end of the Norman conquest, William had already confiscated all the land of Edward and the rebellious Anglo-Saxon aristocracy. Although the land of a few surrendered Anglo-Saxon aristocracy was reserved, it was also stipulated that they must make William their king, and in this way, all the land of England was included in the system of sedition and vassal. If the Norman sequestration incorporated the British vassal system into the property right system, then the great judgment of the doom in 1086 truly "changed the concept of property right in Britain for the first time". The archives of the Norman trials themselves, and their arrangement of property classes and grades resulting from ordination, are the very origin of English rights in the land classes. Since that inquiry, the king has given the nobles full disposal of the land he had previously granted and given them the same right to subrogate it again in the form of smaller plots. However, it also stipulated that the king of England was the ultimate owner of all the land in England. Since then, Britain no longer had land without a Lord, but emphasized that "the land of each Lord was directly or indirectly owned by the king". That is to say, "theoretically, all the territories in the country were subordinate to the king through tenure relationship". Under the English feudalism, the king of England still had the exclusive ownership of all the fiefs that were feoffed, while the vassal and vassal vassal Shared the usufructuary right on the fief, and the vassal had the right to use the fief and obtain the products on the fief. But he has no right to dispose of the land, that is, to alter its shape, to divide it, to devalue it, or to transfer it. But over time, the vassal gradually acquired many rights other than reducing the value of the property. It was on this basis that the English king and his vassals at all levels were bound together by fiefs. The king of England enjoyed the ownership of the land, while the vassal obtained the usufruct of the land: the king of England could still enjoy some "privileges" from these fiefs, such as "collecting certain money of shield, assistance and inheritance" from the beneficiaries of these fiefs; However, the vassal should fulfill corresponding obligations to the king or his direct vassal for the vassal he obtained, such as paying fixed amount of money for shield and assistance. Through this land - conferment relationship, the British established its feudal society in the upper class of the unique feudal relationship. It is worth noting that the land is enclosed in layers, often three or four. After the conveyance of the land, the vassal's obligation to his vassal remains the same, but he may obtain from the vassal he has granted a share of his obligation. This situation will undoubtedly increase the complexity of land rights, resulting in the fief of the state of confusion, often difficult to determine the specific ownership of a piece of land. Therefore, the land purchase and sale act of 1290 decided to replace the land transfer form of "refeoffment" with "substitution", that is, when B wants to transfer the land acquired from A to C, C should take the place of B and fulfill the obligation of B, and B should exit the land retention chain. Therefore, the congealed relationship on the land is only a-c. This is the epitome of the division and change of land rights caused by the feudal system in medieval England. It was with the sword of this feudal system that the feudal system of Britain added the different status rights of the feudal lords and vassals of the upper class into the land property system at that time. According to the different conditions of enfeoffment at that time, there were many different forms of land tenure in Britain. According to statistics, there were about 6 types of land tenure and 16 types of obligations in the 12th century. However, throughout the feudal era, there were mainly the following forms of tenure that stood out: knight tenure was a form of tenure that performed the obligation of knight to retain land, and required the landholder to provide the landholder with a specified number of heavily armed warhorses. By the middle of the 12th century the obligation was replaced by a fixed amount of money. By the end of the middle ages, with the devaluation of the currency, the collection of the shield money gradually stopped. Obligations relating to this type of tenure include attendance at the Lord's court, payment of assistantship, land restitution, fealty, inheritance, guardianship, marriage, etc. The tenure is mainly in the form of fulfilling the spiritual obligation to keep the land. When Henry granted a manor house to st. Peter's monastery, he was asked to perform some specific spiritual obligation for him -- to go to mass every Tuesday and Friday so that his soul could be saved. Of course, spiritual obligation also takes some other forms, such as providing relief for some poor people on certain festivals. When a king grants land to a person for certain obligations, such as carrying a letter, feeding a pet, making a bed, etc., the land is called a sokehold or servitude. Obligations in relation to the form of tenure are attendance at the suzerainty courts, payment of assistantship, confiscation of property, restitution of land, fealty, inheritance, but without guardianship, marriage, etc. Villand tenure is the most important form of land tenure in the manor, which is a non-free form of tenure. Obligations relating to it include fealty, attendance at court, land forfeiture, lease money, land restitution, inheritance money, fines, etc. Thus it can be seen that, on the one hand, the enfeoffment and re-enfeoffment of land congealed different rights of different vassals on the same piece of land; on the other hand, different conditions set at the time of enfeoffment also made the land have different properties due to different obligations. Therefore, the feudal land grant in England caused a complicated situation of land rights in Britain at that time. In other words, there was a close relationship between the land rights division and the land sealing system in the feudal age of England. After clarifying the vassal and land system with land banishment as the core, it is necessary for us to turn the research perspective to the village community and manor in the feudal grassroots society. It is the superposition of the village community and manor that forms the overall picture of the grassroots organization in the feudal society. As already mentioned, in Anglo-Saxon times, at the grassroots level of society in England, there were already Lord vassal relationships based on the transfer and division of land rights. However, in addition to this relationship, the main living unit of the peasants at that time was the original village community. Even when feudalization was sufficient, "the basic unit of agricultural organization was the village, not the manor." This is particularly typical of the continuation of the village community land system in the feudal era, as well as the position and role of the head of the estate in the grass-roots management. 想要了解更多英国留学资讯或者需要英国代写,请关注51Due英国论文代写平台,51Due是一家专业的论文代写机构,专业辅导海外留学生的英文论文写作,主要业务有essay代写、paper代写、assignment代写。在这里,51Due致力于为留学生朋友提供高效优质的留学教育辅导服务,为广大留学生提升写作水平,帮助他们达成学业目标。如果您有essay代写需求,可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041。 51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有;未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象,51Due保留一切法律追诉权。 |
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